U.S. Loss in Mexico, 22 Officers Shot as Rebels

The article discusses updates on various military actions and political events in California and Mexico, including movements of Commodore Stockton and Capt. Fremont, a battle between Mexican and Mazatlan troops, a revolution in Chile, and Santa Anna's march for Vera Cruz. The Congress's return date is uncertain, and Acapulco has declared support for Santa Anna.

The article titled "NEWS FROM BELOW" presents a snapshot of military and political developments during a tumultuous period in 19th-century Mexican history, notably intertwined with the Mexican-American War, which took place from 1846 to 1848. The dispatch mainly concerns the activities of U.S. military forces and highlights several critical events surrounding the conflict with Mexico.

One of the key figures mentioned is Commodore Stockton, who, along with Capt. Fremont, represents the U.S. military's strategic maneuvering in Mexican territory. The report states, "The commodore with a considerable force had advanced to the town of Angeles," indicating not only the physical advances made by U.S. forces but also the significant role of naval power in providing operational support on land. This implies the maritime dominance the United States was establishing in the region, using naval resources to aid military campaigns.

The struggle for logistical support, particularly the “difficulty of procuring horses,” indicates the challenges encountered by U.S. forces in unfamiliar territories, hindering Capt. Fremont’s ability to pursue Gen. Castro. Such challenges underlined the often-overlooked constraints that influenced military campaigns during this era. The mention of Capt. Fremont points to the involvement of notable historical figures, as he would later gain fame for his explorations and political activities, and he was integral in the American conquest of California.

A particularly striking event reported is the encounter between “a division of the Mexican army” under Commandante Raphel Telles and the Mazatlan troops, resulting in Telles’ defeat and execution alongside his officers: “who with 22 other officers, were shot as rebels.” This sentiment reveals the brutal nature of military conflicts and the severe consequences of defeat in this revolutionary setting. The swift execution indicates the uncompromising political environment and volatile military conditions that characterized both sides during the conflict.

Furthermore, the article notes that “Acapulco having declared in favor of Santa Anna,” details a significant turn in allegiance among Mexican cities, emphasizing the precarious political landscape during the war. Santa Anna's proclamation as President and his march toward Vera Cruz highlights his return to power amid the tumultuous environment of shifting loyalties and internal strife, which would eventually lead to the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ending the war.

Lastly, the mention of a revolution in Chili and the loss of around 3,000 troops serves as a reminder of the broader revolutions and upheavals occurring throughout Latin America during the 19th century, reflecting the widespread instability characteristic of the era.

In summary, the article captures a critical moment during the Mexican-American War, revealing the complexities of military operations, the unpredictability of political alliances, and the brutal realities of warfare. The detailed accounts serve not only as a record of the events as they occurred but also as a lens through which we can examine the larger historical currents shaping the Americas in this transformative period.

News from Below: Echoes of Conflict and Ambition

The year 1846 heralded a transformative period for California—a time when ambition clashed with upheaval, and horizons expanded with promises of territory and power. The article "News from Below," published in *The Californian*, not only illuminates the military undertakings and political machinations of the era but also serves as a prism through which we can examine the complexities of a society in conflict—one still grappling with its identity.

The Context of the Era

As we step into 1846, California stands on the brink of monumental change. The American expansionist sentiment, popularly known as "Manifest Destiny," flourished, embodying the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the North American continent. This fervor laid the ideological groundwork for the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), which would ultimately lead to the annexation of vast territories, including present-day California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas.

The article opens with the arrival of a courier bringing urgent news for Captain Mervine from Commodore Stockton, a detail that encapsulates the militaristic atmosphere of the time. The reliance on couriers highlights both the urgency of communication and the limitations posed by the era's transportation capabilities. The despatches mention "the difficulty of procuring horses," emphasizing the logistical challenges military leaders like Captain Fremont faced amid shifting allegiances and tumultuous battles.

Forces in Motion: Commodore Stockton and Captain Fremont

As we delve deeper, Commodore Stockton’s maneuvers reveal much about evolving power dynamics in California. His forces advancing towards Los Angeles signify not merely a geographical conquest but a strategic effort to establish dominance in a region rife with conflict. The alliance with Captain Fremont underscores shared aspirations—to thwart the Mexican government and fulfill the ambitions of U.S. territorial expansion.

Fremont, often celebrated as "The Pathfinder" for his Westward explorations, confronted challenges that are strikingly relatable even today. Despite his fame, he grappled with resource scarcity, noting, “the difficulty of procuring horses had prevented Capt. Fremont from being able to follow Gen. Castro with any hope of falling in with him.” This spotlight on logistics not only underscores the practical difficulties of military operations but also serves as a reminder of enduring struggles in commerce, supply chains, and logistics that persist in modern military and corporate settings.

The Mexican Response and Internal Turmoil

As we turn the page to the Mexican side of the conflict, the report detailing the division of the Mexican army under Commandante Raphel Telles elucidates the chaos of the period. Telles’ troops faced a dire defeat, resulting in the condemnation of Telles and his officers as "rebels." This term suggests a fractured political landscape, hinting at shifting loyalties not merely in a simplistic good-versus-evil framework but within a complex tapestry of civil strife.

Layering this turmoil further, the article recounts heart-wrenching losses—"about 3,000 troops killed" during a revolution in Chile—instilling a palpable sense of urgency. This tragic toll opens a dialogue on the human cost of conflict, reminding us that battles and the upheavals of power do not merely alter landscapes; they irrevocably reshape lives, families, and societies.

Santa Anna’s Ascendancy: A Symbol of Shifting Fortunes

In the midst of this chaos, the ascendance of Santa Anna as President symbolizes the turmoil of the political framework. His proclamation and march toward Vera Cruz represent not only personal ambition but a reflection of national aspirations beset by external aggression and internal upheaval. Santa Anna's rise encapsulates a duality of leadership—acting as both a stabilizing force and a potential catalyst for more conflict.

As noted in the article, “Acapulco having declared in favor of Santa Anna,” emphasizes the complexities inherent in shifting allegiances, a theme as relevant today as it was then. The dynamics of regional interests or external pressures continue to influence real-world geopolitics, illustrating the fluid nature of loyalty throughout history.

The Strains of War: Communication and Isolation

The article further reveals the fragility of communication channels during wartime, noting how shifts in loyalty severed lines between Acapulco and Mexico City. This breakdown of communication not only signifies a loss of trust but also hints at deeper societal divides—an issue that resonates in our interconnected world today. The implications of such isolation—whether socially, politically, or economically—remain impactful, showcasing how the flow of information is crucial for stability.

Lessons for Today: History's Reverberations

As we reflect on the contents of the article and the events it chronicles, we are reminded that historical conflicts often mold the evolution of regions and nations. The logistical challenges faced by Captain Fremont echo contemporary struggles with resource allocation and crisis management, relevant in both military endeavors and global supply chains. The human capacity to adapt and innovate in the face of scarcity offers timeless lessons worth revisiting.

Moreover, the political tumult within Mexico underscores the importance of examining leadership roles in times of crisis as we navigate our current political climate. Just as Santa Anna seized his moment amid chaos, modern leaders frequently find opportunities in turmoil. Understanding their motivations allows us to better navigate our own political landscapes.

In conclusion, "News from Below" transcends a mere account of 1846 events; it stands as a vital piece of our collective memory—one that helps shape our understanding of California and America today. It serves as a poignant reminder of the cascading effects of conflict, the human stakes involved, and the enduring lessons that emerge from chaos.

As we traverse the historical scope embodied in this article, we rediscover our own narratives, shaped by ambition, resource challenges, and the timeless human need for stability, power, and identity. The echoes of past tribulations resonate through our current realities, reminding us of history's continued relevance—a living entity that teaches, informs, and molds the world we inhabit today.

Key Phrases:

1. **Manifest Destiny** - This concept played a critical role in U.S. territorial expansion during the 19th century. For further reading, see the National Archives' overview of [Manifest Destiny](https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals/manifest.html).

2. **Mexican-American War (1846-1848)** - A significant conflict resulting in the acquisition of vast territories by the United States. For more information, refer to the [Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/collection/mexican-american-war/resources/).

3. **Commodore Stockton and Captain Fremont** - Important figures in California's military history during this period. A comprehensive look at Fremont can be found in a detailed biography from the [National Park Service](https://www.nps.gov/home/upload/Jackson-2Fremont-Bio-V1.pdf).

4. **Logistical Challenges in Military Operations** - This theme highlights the complexities faced in wartime supply chains. To explore more, consult this article from the [U.S. Army Command and General Staff College](https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a590582.pdf).

5. **Santa Anna's Political Role** - Analyzing leadership during conflict can provide insights into contemporary governance. You can delve into a biography and analysis of Santa Anna at [History.com](https://www.history.com/topics/mexico/antonio-lopez-de-santa-anna).

6. **Communication Breakdowns in Wartime** - Understanding the impact of communication failures can relate to modern issues of information flow. For further reading, see “The Importance of Communication in Warfare” at [Military Review](https://www.armyupress.army.mil/journals/military-review/archives/2020/march-april/the-importance-of-communication-in-warfare).

7. **Human Cost of Conflict** - Reflecting on casualties from historical battles to understand their societal impact. For statistics and analyses, refer to the [Uppsala Conflict Data Program](https://ucdp.uu.se/).

8. **The Role of Regional Interests in Geopolitics** - This relates to how local dynamics influence larger political outcomes. For a deeper exploration, see the article from the [Council on Foreign Relations](https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/international-relations-and-regional-interests).

9. **Resource Allocation in Crisis Management** - Lessons from historical battles can inform current strategies. For insights, read the [Harvard Business Review's](https://hbr.org/2005/05/the-resource-allocation-problem) article on resource allocation challenges.

10. **Historical Relevance of Past Conflicts** - Understanding how history shapes present-day politics and society. For insights on historical lessons, refer to [The Atlantic](https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/10/history-guide-2021/619783/).

**Citation**: The Californian,

- NEWS FROM BELOW., 1846-08-29
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive

Original Article:

A courier arrived on Thursday night bringing despatches for Capt Mervine, from the Commodore. The commodore with a considerable force had advanced to the town of Angeles, where he was joined by Capt. Fremont. The difficulty of procuring horses had prevented Capt. Fremont from being able to follow Gen. Castro with any hope of falling in with him. There is no mention made of the time when the Congress will probably return to this place. Commodore Stockton made prize of the Mexican Brig Primerara, but released her to her owners. The Courier brings verbal news, that a division of the Mexican army had fallen in with the Mazatlan troops under Commandante Raphel Telles, and a battle ensued, which terminated in the defeat of Telles, who with 22 other officers, were shot as rebels. We learn from letters received here, that Acapulco having declared in favor of Santa Anna, all communication had ceased between that place and Mexico—and Santa Anna had proclaimed himself President, and marched for Vera Cruz. The same letters bring the news that there has been a revolution in Chili, and about 3000 troops killed, no other particulars. S

 

The Seeds of Revolution: A Pivotal Moment in California’s History

The article describes the events that led to the American movement in California, starting with an order from Don José Castro to retrieve government horses. The Americans believed Castro was planning to attack Capt. Fremont, prompting them to take action. They eventually seized government property and made prisoners of influential figures in Sonoma, aiming to secure their objectives with minimal bloodshed. The article also highlights the peaceful nature of the majority of Californians and the potential for harmony between old and new citizens.

The article titled "NO.2 NEWS" represents a critical moment in the narrative of California's transition from Mexican governance to American control, capturing a pivotal moment during the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846. It provides significant insights into the mindset and actions of the early American settlers in California, revealing their motivations and the dynamics of their interactions with both Mexican authorities and indigenous populations.

Contextual Background

The Bear Flag Revolt was a rebellion by American settlers in California against Mexican rule. Tensions had been mounting due to a combination of factors, including American immigration into California, political instability in Mexico, and local dissatisfaction with Mexican governance. The revolt was significantly catalyzed by the actions of Captain John C. Frémont, who was exploring the region under the auspices of the US government while simultaneously rallying American settlers who felt marginalized and threatened by Mexican authorities.

Analysis of the Article

The article outlines a specific military maneuver ordered by Don José Castro, the Mexican governor, which sparked a reaction from American settlers. The author notes, "the movement alluded to in our last NO. which brought about the movement on the part of the Americans," indicating that there was a pre-existing awareness and response plan among the American community to defend against perceived threats from Mexican forces.

An essential element of this narrative is the rapid mobilization of the American settlers upon hearing about Castro's orders. The communication was swift, as described in the passage: "the news travelled with the speed of the swiftest horses, among all the Americans, in a scope of country, 150 miles in extent, in 24 hours from every direction." This rapid response illustrates not only the urgency of the situation but also the cohesive nature of the American settlers' community, who felt compelled to support Frémont against the Mexican authorities.

The subsequent military engagement led by Merrit represents the first overt act of rebellion. The author describes how their group "surprised the Lieut. in camp," highlighting the undertaking's boldness and the settlers' confidence. The description of their actions—taking the horses and disarming the Mexican lieutenant—reflects the sentiment that the American settlers felt justified in their insurrection, which was symbolically the beginning of the conflict that would lead to California's annexation.

Further reflections on the nature of the Californian populace provide deeper insight into the social dynamics at play. The article indicates that “the great mass of the people of California, are a quiet inoffensive people,” implying that the American settlers did not view the Mexican population as their primary adversary but rather as victims of a select group of ambitious leaders vying for power. The author expresses hope that, despite the upheaval, the “mild and genial influence” of the local women and community would foster peaceful relations between the established Mexican citizens and the incoming American settlers.

Historical Implications

This narrative is crucial for understanding the broader implications of the Bear Flag Revolt and the U.S.-Mexico War, illustrating how personal and collective motivations fueled a desire for autonomy and governance among American settlers. The perception of Mexican leaders as self-serving can be seen as a justification for the revolt, which effectively dismantled existing political structures in favor of American governance.

Moreover, the document reflects the complexities of cultural interactions and the socio-political landscape of California at the time. It highlights the ambivalence of American settlers, who could simultaneously express admiration for the inherent qualities of local residents while undertaking military actions that would irrevocably alter their societal structures.

Conclusion

In sum, the article "NO.2 NEWS" serves as a valuable primary source that underscores the motivations, actions, and sentiments of American settlers during a transformative period in California's history. It presents a vivid depiction of early acts of rebellion, individual and collective agency, and the socio-political climate of mid-19th century California, framing the Bear Flag Revolt as not simply an act of insurrection but a complex interplay of cultural and political forces that would shape the region's future.

The Seeds of Revolution: A Pivotal Moment in California’s History

In the summer of 1846, a riveting article entitled "NO.2 NEWS" graced the pages of *The Californian* newspaper, offering a snapshot of California during a tumultuous era. As the region wrestled with its identity against the backdrop of revolution and foreign invasion, this piece document one of the most significant upheavals in Californian history—the first overt act of American settlers against Mexican authorities, heralding the Bear Flag Revolt. This blog post will delve into the key events outlined in the article, contextualize them within a broader historical framework, and reflect on how these milestones have shaped contemporary California.

Contextualizing the Article: California’s Turbulent Background

By the mid-19th century, California, with its vast resources and breathtaking geography, was emerging as a land of promise. This was a time when settlers—both native and foreign—were drawn by the allure of opportunity, even as the U.S. began to cast its longing gaze westward. Following its independence from Spanish rule in 1821, California became a part of Mexico, but maintaining control of this northern territory proved to be a struggle. The Mexican government grappled with a lack of infrastructure and military presence, compounded by the pressures of American settlers eager to stake their claims.

Overseeing these fraught relations was Don José Castro, the military governor of Alta California. His role was fraught with peril; he had to defend the region against American expansion while navigating a populace that increasingly aligned with the ideals of Manifest Destiny rather than loyalty to the Mexican government. One significant incident highlighting this tension was Castro’s order for Lieutenant Francisco de Arce to retrieve government horses. It exemplified the growing rift between Mexican authorities and the settlers, foreshadowing an impending conflict rooted in the very pursuit of the American Dream.

The circumstances surrounding the horse retrieval mission rapidly escalated from a mundane police action to a defining moment for the American settlers. With reports of “two or three hundred armed Mexican cavalry” circulating among the settlers, panic set in. In a show of solidarity, they united under the leadership of Captain John C. Frémont, fearing for their homes and livelihoods in the Sacramento Valley.

The Initial Skirmish: The Flight of the Lieutenant

The article captures the scene vividly: “The news travelled with the speed of the swiftest horses… in 24 hours.” This underscores the profound importance of information exchange among the settlers, marking a significant moment of mobilization and community action. The spirit of independence, characteristic of California’s settlers, was palpable as they resolved to confront Lieutenant de Arce at dawn on June 10, 1846.

The ensuing surprise attack at the Eco Samny River starkly illustrated the cultural clash unfolding before them. Here, the geographical landmark became a symbolic battleground—a testament to the contested nature of California itself. The settlers' decisive action against de Arce, choosing to dispatch him without prisoners, marked a transformative leap from passive resistance to active rebellion. As the article notes, “this was the first overt act on the part of the foreigners, which commenced the Revolution.”

The Rise of American Sentiment: From Reaction to Action

In the aftermath of this skirmish, the settlers’ capture of government horses and their decision to release de Arce represented more than a tactical victory; they were now standing on the precipice of revolution. Driving this fervor was widespread discontent among American settlers with their treatment under Mexican governance, which many perceived as unfair and obstructive. A belief took hold that if not for the ambitions of a few leaders, the great mass of settlers would be happy and content on their ranches.

The article also sheds light on the pivotal role of leadership. Frémont’s ambitions extended beyond Californian autonomy; he epitomized the spirit of Manifest Destiny—a belief that the United States was destined to expand its territory. Yet, while the rhetoric draped in ideals of freedom and self-determination dominated the narrative, an uncomfortable truth emerges: the indigenous and Mexican communities found themselves ensnared in the crosshairs of ambition and power struggles.

The Capture of Sonoma: Seizing Power

The momentum from the initial skirmish propelled the settlers to capture Sonoma just days later, on June 14, 1846. The article recounts how they took prominent Mexican leaders, including General Mariano Vallejo, as prisoners in a move that not only demonstrated their growing strength but also reinforced their intentions to commandeer local governance.

This strategy of capturing key figures mirrors the age-old tactics of revolution, where the disruption of enemy command structures serves to create a power vacuum. It served to illustrate that revolutions are not merely an exchange of bullets but involve intricate psychological maneuvering to sway allegiances and present a new order. Mr. Merrit’s leadership during this early phase brought growing numbers of settlers into the movement, showcasing that this was not just an isolated incident; it had evolved into a broader uprising seeking to reshape governance in California.

The Nature of the Conflict: Ideals, Leadership, and Community

Beneath the surface of these events lies a deeper exploration of 19th-century American ideologies. The actions of the settlers were not simply about rebellion; they emanated from Enlightenment-inspired beliefs propelled by what many interpreted as a divine mandate to expand.

Yet, beneath the surface, there existed a tension between reality and aspiration; the article notes that “in securing [Vallejo], we might secure our object with less bloodshed,” reflecting a yearning for a peaceful transition of power amid a backdrop of inevitable violence. This tension is indicative of revolutions throughout history, where lofty ideals often clash with the messy realities of ambition and conflict.

Moreover, the characterization of the Mexican populace as “quiet inoffensive people” opens a window into the complexities of identity that pervaded these early conflicts. Here, a dichotomy exists—settlers often portrayed themselves as liberators while simultaneously uprooting the existing populace. Descriptions of Mexican women as “handsome” and “kind to their neighbors” serve as a reminder of humanity amid upheaval, hinting at a desire for coexistence and cultural exchange. This longing for harmony amid turmoil encapsulates the hopes that would spark future collaborations between disparate communities.

The Aftermath: Creating a New California

The events recounted in "NO.2 NEWS" signal the onset of a profound transition in California. Following the Bear Flag Revolt and subsequent American military involvement, California formally became a part of the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. This marked not only a change in governance and land ownership but also a seismic shift in cultural identity, the effects of which echo through the present day.

As some settlers raced for riches during the gold rush, others sought to establish lives and communities that would shape the Golden State’s burgeoning identity. However, this upheaval paved the way for complex relationships that continue to resonate within contemporary discussions about land rights, immigration, and cultural identity. Questions of belonging reverberate through time, and an understanding of these historical moments enriches discussions concerning equity and justice today.

The tumultuous aftermath left a legacy of ambivalence; settlers pursued notions of freedom and opportunity, often at the considerable expense of Mexican Californians and Indigenous peoples. This reckoning with history remains a crucial aspect of understanding California's multifaceted identity.

Conclusion: Lessons from Historical Movements

The illuminating article "NO.2 NEWS" provides invaluable insights into the early threads that wove California’s complicated narrative of identity, governance, and community. The events surrounding the Bear Flag Revolt serve as cautionary tales, reminding us of the perils that accompany ambition and revolutionary fervor.

Reflecting on these historical narratives fosters a deeper understanding of how America's dreams of freedom and expansion have indelibly impacted its diverse populations. As California continues to navigate its multifaceted identity—rooted in a melting pot of cultures—the lessons gleaned from the past resonate with urgency.

While the settlers’ revolt may have been framed as a courageous stride toward independence and self-determination, it’s essential to remember that revolutions rarely unfold in straightforward narratives. The endeavor to construct a harmonious future amidst a legacy of conflict remains an ongoing journey for California—a journey that is inextricably linked to the stories of those who came before and whose voices deserve to be heard. Understanding this complex tapestry can guide us toward an inclusive future, honoring all the cultures that enrich California's cherished landscape.

Key Phrases:

1. **Bear Flag Revolt** - This refers to the uprising by American settlers in California against Mexican rule in 1846. For further reading, see this article on the [Bear Flag Revolt from the California Historical Society](https://calhist.org/2021/06/bear-flag-revolt/).

2. **Don José Castro** - He was the military governor of Alta California during the tensions leading to the Bear Flag Revolt. To learn more about his role and historical context, see this detailed overview on [HistoryNet](https://www.historynet.com/don-jose-castro.htm).

3. **Manifest Destiny** - A significant ideology that fueled American expansionism in the 19th century. Read more about Manifest Destiny and its implications on American history at [National Park Service](https://www.nps.gov/articles/manifest-destiny.htm).

4. **Role of Leadership in Revolutions** - The influence of leaders like Captain John C. Frémont on the Bear Flag Revolt signifies the importance of leadership in revolutionary movements. For insights into leadership dynamics in historical revolutions, visit the research article from [Harvard Business Review](https://hbr.org/2011/07/what-is-leadership).

5. **Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo** - The treaty that ended the Mexican-American War in 1848 and resulted in California becoming part of the United States. For details about the treaty, its terms, and its consequences, visit [History.com](https://www.history.com/topics/mexico/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo).

6. **Cultural Identity in Post-Revolt California** - The complexities of cultural identity following the Bear Flag Revolt are crucial for understanding contemporary California. For an exploration of California's evolving identity, read the [California History Journal](https://www.californiahistoricalsociety.org/).

7. **Impact of the Gold Rush on California’s Development** - The Gold Rush significantly influenced California's economy and demographics following the Bear Flag Revolt. For further insights, see the article on [Smithsonian Magazine](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/california-gold-rush-180975425/).

8. **Indigenous Peoples during the California Revolution** - Their experiences and the impact of American expansion on Indigenous communities are vital to understanding the historical context. Explore the Indigenous perspective with the article from the [National Museum of the American Indian](https://americanindian.si.edu/explore/exhibitions/whatdoesitmean).

9. **Historical Narratives and Memory** - The difference between contemporary narratives of the Bear Flag Revolt and historical accounts affects collective memory. Read more about the importance of historical narratives at [American Historical Association](https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history).

10. **Equity and Justice in California’s History** - Reflecting on how past conflicts and settlements influence present-day discussions about equity. For discussions on equity in historical context, see [Race, Equity & Inclusion resources from the Stanford Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity](https://ccsre.stanford.edu/race-equity-and-inclusion/).

These key phrases and their corresponding sources can serve as useful touchpoints for deeper research into the historical context surrounding the events discussed in the article.

**Citation**: The Californian,

- NO.2 NEWS., 1847-05-29
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive

Original Article:

The movement alluded to in our last NO. which brought about the movement on the part of the Americans at the TIME it occurred, was an order from Don José Castro, to Lieut. Francisco de Arce, at Sonoma, to move with 14 men as a guard, for some horses belonging to the Government, which were at the Mission of San Raphel, and report them at Head Quarters, which was at that time, at the Mission of Santa Clara. The Lieutenant was under the necessity of passing up the Sacramento, on the North side to cross at New Helveta, the first point at which the horses could swim the river. On his trip he was seen by an Indian, who came in, and reported that he had seen two or three hundred armed men on horseback advancing up the Sacaramento, at a point, that made it very evident, if the Indian had been correct that Castro was at the head of a large party, with the intention of attacking Capt. Fremont, who was at that time encamped at the Buts, near the junction of Feather river with the Sacramento. The news travelled with the speed of the swiftest horses, among all the Americans, in a scope af country, 150 miles in extent, in 24 hours from every direction, we rushed in to assist Capt, Fremont, under the impression that if he was defeated, that we should be taken at our homes as had been reported, by forming the junction with him, we availed ourselves of his assistance, but on our arrival at the camp the truth was ascertained. Mr. Knight there met us with the information that Francisco had told him that the general had sent for the horses which he then had, for the purpose of mounting a Battallion of 200 men to march against the Americans. settled in the Sacramento valley, and that he, (the ——en.) intended to build a fort near the Bear River pass, In the California mountains, for the purpose of preventing the ingress of the expected emigration. The time had now arrived when some decisive move had to be made. The day for union of action had arrived. The proposition was made, that a sufficient company should follow the Lieut. and take the horses, not only for the purpose of weakening our enemy, but if possible, induce him to cross the American Fork, where we kept the property and at a point which would give us the advantage. Without waiting for organization or plan, twelve men volunteered to go. Mr. Merrit, the oldest of the party was named as the leader. We left the buts, 55 miles above the American Fork, at 10 o'clock in the morning, and by night crossed it, and there ascertained that the cavallade had passed there in the afternoon, stopped and rested our horses and got supper, and at daylight on the morning of the 10th of June, we surprised the Lieut. in camp, near the Ecosamny river, who, without resistance gave up his arms, and the government horses. We had no disposition to be troubled with prisioners, we therefore, dismissed him with his party, with their arms and a horse for each—one private individual, who claimed not to be of the party, and the owner of six horses Mr. Merrit informed him, that our object was not to interfere with PRIVATE PROPERTY, and that he was at liberty to turn out his horses, which he did. On dismissing the party, they were informed that the property which we had taken would be kept together, and we wished them to tell the General to come after them, but to bring with him force enough to get them. This was the first overt act on the part of the foreigners, which commenced the Revolution, and opened the breach sowide that it was necessary that all should take grounds for one side or the other. This act was immediately followed by the taking of the town and mission of Sonoma, which occurred on the morning of the 14th, our little party had been augmented to 33, still under command of Mr. Merrit. At Sonoma, we made prisoners of General Guadaloupe, M, Vallejo, Lieut Col. Prudon, and Capt. Don Salvador Vallejo. This move was made under the impression that the Gen. had a very great influence in the country, and by securing him we might secure our object with less blood shed and with a better effect upon the people of California. As we have now got through the first movements of the revolutionists, it will not be amis to give some idea of the people with whom we have had to deal. Our remarks in our last number, in relation to Mexico, is strictly true as regards California, but is only applicable to a few men, who kept the country in a constant excitement, with no other object in view, than their own advancement. The great mass of the people of California, are a quiet inoffensive people, and but for those ambitious leaders, would remain on their ranches, a contented and happy community, and under a good Government, would be valuable citizens, many of them are men of fine sense, and high moral worth, though from the very nature of their government, they have been deprived of the means of education to a great extent. The Ladies, who are numerous, are handsom, and some of them beautiful, very sprightly, industrious, and amiable in their manners, affectionate to their relatives and friends, kind to their neighbors, and generous even to their enemies, and we are much in hopes that their mild and genial influence will go far to bring about that amity of feelings which is so desirable between the old and the new citszens [citizens] of this highly favored country.