Understanding the Shifts in California's Legal and Economic Framework

 

Insights from an 1847 Article in The Californian

The article provides information on various services and announcements in California in the mid-1800s. These include a focus on professional services such as debt collection and land surveying, a proclamation against selling alcohol to Native Americans, a new ferry house being built in Benicia, and a commission merchant offering storage, forwarding, and auction services in San Francisco.

The original article represents a fascinating snapshot of legal, social, and economic activities in mid-19th century California, particularly in San Francisco, around the time when it was becoming a significant hub during the Gold Rush era.

Legal and Economic Context

The announcement regarding **L. W. Hastings**, an attorney and counselor at law, reflects the growing need for legal services in a rapidly changing and developing California. Hastings states, "Will now devote his entire attention to his profession; he will attend to the collection of debts, and to all other business connected with his profession"—this underscores the demand for legal assistance as people migrated to California, seeking wealth and opportunity.

This period in California was characterized by a surge of population, particularly following the discovery of gold in 1848. This influx created high demand for services including legal representation, debt collection, and financial transactions both within the territory and with distant markets. Hastings's capability to handle "the collection of foreign debts, either in the Sandwich Islands, Oregon, or any portion of the United States" indicates not only the mobility of commerce at the time but also California's emerging status as a strategic economic player on the West Coast.

Social Regulations and Proclamations

The proclamations issued by **R.D. Mason**, the Governor of California, reflect the societal structures and tensions of the era. The law against selling "spirituous liquor or wine" to Native Americans represents an attempt to regulate social interactions and protect Indigenous peoples from the adverse effects of alcohol. The proclamation states: "One half of all fines recovered under this proclamation, shall go to the benefit of the informer, and the other half to the benefit of the town, or jurisdiction where the prisoner may be confined." This divisive policy illustrates the dual objectives of enforcement and revenue generation, which were common in colonial and territorial governance.

The shift in regulation of trade with Native Americans may be viewed in the broader context of American expansionism and the accompanying complications of Indigenous rights. The governor's proclamation also notes, "Indians shall be competent witnesses," indicating a shifting perspective where Indigenous voices were gradually recognized in legal settings, although still within a framework that marginalized their rights.

Emerging Community and Infrastructure

The various advertisements and notices, ranging from **W. D. Joe**, a land surveyor looking to establish his services, to the announcement of a new hotel, "the CITY HOTEL," showcase the rapidly growing infrastructure and community life in San Francisco. The mention that "boarding at the former prices, and the Table as good as the Market can afford," signifies not only the competitive nature of businesses trying to attract the new inhabitants but also the developing economy which was essential for a burgeoning population.

The assortment of services highlighted—ranging from legal assistance to hotel accommodations and ferry services—encapsulates the multifaceted needs of a diverse and dynamic community forming as a result of the Gold Rush and the increasing importance of trade routes.

Conclusion

Overall, the article serves as a key primary source that illustrates the intricate social, legal, and economic environment in California during a transformative period in American history. As the state transitioned from Mexican rule to American governance, each segment—from Hastings's law practice to Mason's regulations—provides a glimpse into the complexities of life in early California and the significant changes brought about by the influx of diverse populations and the pursuit of economic opportunity.

Understanding the Shifts in California's Legal and Economic Framework: Insights from an 1847 Article in *The Californian

The year 1847 was monumental in California, serving as a turning point in its social and economic landscape. An article from *The Californian* reveals profound insights into this transformative time, particularly through the lens of L.W. Hastings, a local attorney. As we unravel Hastings' proclamations alongside other notable announcements, a captivating narrative emerges that not only illuminates California’s past but also highlights its enduring influence on the present.

The Role of the Legal Profession in a Growing Territory

With a bold proclamation, L.W. Hastings ushered in a new era for legal services in California at a time when the territory was rife with economic uncertainty. His commitment to "attend to the collection of debts, and to all other business connected with his profession, in any portion of the Territory" transcends a simple announcement; it captures the essential need for legal representation during a period of rapid change.

As the California Gold Rush loomed just two years ahead, earlier events such as the U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1848) and the Bear Flag Revolt (1846) had already set the stage for a complex socio-political landscape. The influx of fortune seekers and a growing population demanded a structured legal framework. Hastings' practice emerged at a pivotal moment, as individuals struggled with land claims, personal debts, and numerous other legal challenges. This period illustrated that the law was not merely a profession but a crucial facilitator of societal needs during a time of flux.

Hindrances of an Expanding Economy

Alongside Hastings' aspirations arose a stark warning from then-Governor R.B. Mason, who cautioned against the sale of alcohol to Indigenous peoples. His proclamation carried significant legal implications, highlighting systemic inequalities deeply rooted in society. Effective January 1, 1848, the penalties for violating this law—fines of 50 to 100 dollars and potential imprisonment—underscore the governor's concern over the destructive influence of alcohol in communities that had long marginalized Native populations.

 "If any person shall sell, exchange, or give ... any spirituous liquor or wine to an Indian ... such person shall ... forfeit and pay ... a penalty," Governor Mason declared.

The implications of this proclamation resonate throughout California's history, reflecting the ongoing struggles of Indigenous communities and their narrative of exploitation and disempowerment. The legislation aimed not only to mitigate alcohol-related violence but also revealed the fraught relationship between settlers and Native populations—an issue that continues to provoke discussions surrounding social justice today.

A Social Infrastructure in Formation

Beyond the legal realm, San Francisco in 1847 flourished with diverse establishments, from hotels to trading posts, responding to the community's developmental needs. The announcement of a newly branded “City Hotel” signifies the cultural evolution and the move toward modern hospitality practices. As settlers flocked to the territory, the necessity for various services to accommodate the growing population and economic activity became increasingly apparent.

This period showcased not merely a local phenomenon but also a global interest in the American West. California emerged as a microcosm of westward expansion, commerce, and settlement. Each new venture, from hotels to repair shops, represented not only a business but a lifeline for the community in uncertain times.

The Importance of Multilingual Services

The article also briefly mentions a proposal for an interpreter fluent in English, Spanish, and French, signifying the importance of communication in California’s developing cultural tapestry. As Mexican and U.S. legal doctrines began to intertwine, bridging these linguistic gaps became essential for effective participation in legal and economic spheres.

The phrase, “A gentleman thoroughly acquainted with the English, Spanish, and French languages, desires a situation as Interpreter,” highlights the challenges of integrating diverse populations within a nascent legal framework. Multilingual capabilities were not just advantageous; they were vital for navigating the complex social dynamics of a territory still defining its identity.

The Economic Tapestry of Early California

The article further emphasizes the emerging economic landscape through communications about land surveys and auctioneering. The appointed surveyor, William B. Ide, symbolizes the urgent need for land delineation and property rights, critical as individuals aspired to claim their share of California’s potential wealth.

 "I will attend to such surveys as may be entrusted to my care..." Ide’s statement echoes with the fervor of a burgeoning territory eager for growth and opportunity. As settlers sought to establish their claims, land surveys laid the groundwork for future legal interactions, paving the way for inevitable disputes over land and ownership.

Bridging Past and Present

Examining Hastings' announcements and the surrounding context offers rich insights into California's character in 1847—an epoch marked by transformation, hope, and opportunity, alongside significant challenges. The legal and economic frameworks established by pioneers like Hastings shaped community identities, guided governance, and sowed the seeds for future social and economic complexities that would follow the Gold Rush.

In contemporary California, these historical echoes remain relevant. The legal profession continues to serve as a bulwark for economic stability and conflict resolution, advocating for both individual and community rights amid an ever-evolving landscape. Moreover, discussions about the regulation of alcohol and its social implications persist, while the quest for inclusivity and equal rights for Indigenous populations remains a crucial, ongoing dialogue.

Conclusion

L.W. Hastings did far more than announce his legal services; he interwove himself into the fabric of a society in upheaval. His readiness to engage with the burgeoning economy, coupled with legislative restrictions, underscores the complex relationships of 1847 California. By exploring these historical threads, we uncover the significance of the past in navigating our current realities.

Through the profiles of early legal practitioners like Hastings, the intricate dynamics between settlers and Indigenous peoples, and the lively commercial scene of California, we find essential connections to today’s challenges. California, forged in the crucible of its past, stands as a testament to resilience, adaptation, and a continuing discourse on rights and identity in the face of change—an enduring legacy that began in the bustling streets of the 19th century and continues to shape our lives today.

Key Phrases:

1. "California Gold Rush" - This pivotal event in the mid-19th century drastically changed California's demographics and economy. For more on the history and impact of the Gold Rush, see the [National Park Service](https://www.nps.gov/goldrush/index.htm).

2. "U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1848)" - This conflict directly influenced California's transition from Mexican to American governance. For further reading, refer to the [U.S. Department of State’s Office of the Historian](https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/us-mexican-war).

3. "Bear Flag Revolt" - The 1846 revolt was an assertion of California's independence from Mexico. Additional information can be found in an article from [Calisphere](https://calisphere.org/item/89cd661c68f8a97a0f7d9f1e8a3c7446/).

4. "Alcohol sales to Indigenous peoples" - This topic touches on historical and ongoing issues regarding the treatment of Indigenous populations. For a deeper dive, see this research from the [American Journal of Public Health](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305413).

5. "Multilingual services in early California" - The need for interpreters highlights the cultural complexity of California's population. For more on language and communication in historical contexts, refer to [Language and Linguistics Compass](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1749818x).

6. "Land surveys and property rights" - The significance of land surveying in legal processes is crucial in understanding early Californian society. More can be explored through the [California State Land Surveyors Association](https://www.cslsa.org/).

7. "Legal framework in growing territories" - The establishment of a legal system was vital to handle the increasing complexities due to migration and settlement. For further reading, check out the [American Bar Association](https://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_history/resources/offerings/) on the development of legal systems in new territories.

**Citation**: The Californian

- L. W. HASTINGS. ATTORNEY AND COUNCEI.LOR AT LAW, AND SOLICITOR IX CHANCERY., 1847-12-22
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive

Original Article:

L. W. HASTINGS. ATTORNEY AND COUNCEI.LOR AT LAW, AND SOLICITOR IX, Will now devote his entire attention to his profession; he will attend to the collection of debts, and to all other business connected with his profession, in any portion of the Territory ; he will also attend to the collection of foreign debts, either in the Sandwich Islands, Oregon, or any portion of the United States, and to the collection of debts and the remission of money due to foreign creditors. - .- ■ . : All professional business intrusted to his care will receive his prompt and assiduous attention. Office in San Francisco, Upper California. .-..*»-;* f "^ PASTURAGE. The Subscriber will receive nt his Rancho, situate-1 three miles from Mission San Francisco de Dolores, horses or cattle to pasture throughout the year. in«r good at all seasons. . Terms reasonable, animals received upon the ground., and there retained .until demanded. f No risk to be tito^J^ h ira»»£ XV . Rl M> I . I . l\ ll M . San Francisco; Dec. 17th, 184PROCLAMATION. From and after the first day of January, eighteen hundred and forty-eight, if any person shall sell, exchange, or give, barter or dispose of, or in any way counivo at selling, exchanging, bartering, or disposing of, any spirituous liquor or wine, to an Indian, such person shall, upon conviction before an Alcalde, forfeit and pay the sum of not less than fifty, nor more than one hundred dollars, and be imprisoned for not less than three, nor more than six months. One hall Ol »ll fines recovered under this proclamation, shall go to tho benefit of the informer, and tho other half to the benefit of the town, or jurisdiction where the prisoner may be confined; and in all prosecutions arising under this prolamation, Indians shall bo competent witnesses. Done at Monterey, the Capital of California, this 29th day of November, A. I). 1847, and of the 72nd of the Independence of the United States. R. D. MASON, 30-tf Col. Ist Drag's., Gov. of California. PROCLAMA. Toda persona quc dcsclc cl dia primcro do Enero tie mil ochoGientos cuarcnta y oclio, venda, cambic, 

de Noviembre del nno dc IS 17, y de la Indepcndencia de los Estados Unidos el 72. R. B. MASON, Col. del Ir. Rcgto. dc Drag's., Gob. de California. q v B. R. BUCKELEW, respectfully informs the ><^k citizens of California, that he has located permnnantly in tho Town of S AM FraKCISCO, for the purpose of pursuing his profession. WATCH BS, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, and oiher fino Metalic work repaired in the nr>T manner, and on terms proportional with general prices in California. Business entrusted through a friend, will be attended to the same as with Iho person proper. WATCH GLASSES and X EYS titted. Cash invariably UQjroutD except otherwise previously understood. San Francisco, May, 22. 1-tf. The undersigned will attend to such Surveys as may hfl entrusted to his care, for £4 per mile for horizontal !•:;•••» ; establishing corners §1, for recording, copies of filed notes, executing maps, &.c, the accustomary prices. T.venty-five per cent discount for cash down. Letters addressed W. I>. Joe, Sonoma, U. C, will meet attention. WILLIAM B. IDE. Land Surveyor, in and for the Northern Department, U. C. Sonoma, July IB 17. 10-tf NOTICE. THE HOTEL of this place, fromcrly known as " Brown's Hotel," will hereafter be called the CITY HOI EL, and conducted from Monday next, by Mr. and Mrs. Skinner. Boarding at the former prices, and the Table hs good as the Market enn afford. N, B. — A careful person will be in attendance to receive horses and baggage from gentlemen arriving from any part of tho country. San Francisco, Oct. 23, 1347. 24-tf A gentleman thoroughly acquainted with the English, Spanish, and French languages, desires a situation as Interpreter. He is well versed in all the branches of the Mexican law, the translation and engrossing of Deeds, &.c, &.c. For further particulars, apply to WARD & SMITH. •Van Francisco, Sept. 22. 19-tf NEW FERRY HOUSE AT BENICIA. The subscriber is now building a house on the opposite side of the Straits for the comfort and accommodation o persons wshing to pass from tho south side. He intends hereafter to keep a boat on each side, that persons will not be detained a moment longer that the tide and weather requires. He hns, and will keep on hand, barley and corn for horse feed. R. SEMPLE, Proprietor. Benicia City, Sept. 1847. y_o STORAGE, FORWARDING, AND COMMISSION MERCHANT AND GENEIiAL AUCTIONEER. Respectfully informs the public that he has permanently located in tho Town of San Francisco, for the purpose of conducting all the various branches connected with a General Commission business. Auction Sales of every description attended to in any part of the Town or District. SCP Ware-House and Office „t the Stone Pier foot Broadway. 19-Gm* JUST Received and for Sale — '200 gallons best Cognac Brandy. 300 do (Jin, 100 do New England Rum, SHELLY & NORRIS San Francisco, August 7lh. 12-tf

The article describes the harsh conditions faced by early adventurers in California during the winter months, including scarcity of provisions, hostile encounters with Native Americans, and being snowed in while prospecting. It recounts the journey of a group of men from Weaver Creek to the Hay Fork of Trinity River to establish a ranch, highlighting their jovial attitude and determination. The men, hailing from New York and Indiana, faced no major difficulties on their journey and were welcomed by a few miners in the area. The article also touches on the camaraderie among individuals from the same state and shares a humorous anecdote about a group of miners from Maine.

 Unveiling the Adventurous Spirit That Forged the Golden State

The original article offers a fascinating glimpse into the early period of California history, which was not only vibrant but also tumultuous; particularly speaking about the time during and shortly after the California Gold Rush (1848–1855). The article's author provides an evocative depiction of the demanding conditions faced by prospectors, the so-called "adventurers on 'prospecting' tours," in pursuit of California's mineral wealth.

The Gold Rush era encapsulates much of the conceptual 'frontier' spirit of American history. The author notes: "a great scarcity of provisions, as well as the hostilities of cunning savages," thus illustrating the pervasive cultural and survival challenges of that era. Furthermore, harsh weather conditions caused many miners to become "snowed up" in the mountains with only an "old canvass tent" as protection. These details underscore the toil, rigour, and occasional terror that was common to prospecting life in those times.

The article also emphasizes the resilience and perseverance of these prospectors, using an apt example: "a single one of these patient and enduring animals [jackass/mule] is generally sufficient to transport from place to place all the provisions, cooking utensils, mining tools, blankets, clothing and other necessaries required by four or five men on such an expedition.". The use of such beasts of burden was industry standard at that time, a slow and laborious means of transporting the tools and supplies essential to gold-seeking activities in the area.

Significantly, the paper implies the economic shift in California following the Gold Rush: "those who remain have now provided themselves with comfortable and convenient homes." By the mid-1850s, the rapid population rise in California due to the Gold Rush had kickstarted economic developments, infrastructure improvement, and general growth, transitioning from an era of rough frontier life to a more established society.

The article also references a cultural aspect that suggests a sense of nationalism amongst these migrants: "a stronger feeling of friendship was in general entertained for those who were born and brought up in the same State." This sentiment gives an insight into the shared sense of community and connection experienced by these individuals far from their places of origin.

Lastly, the final paragraph brings up a topic that could be a whole other discussion concerning the history of 'Mormon Wives' in Utah. This quick mention of Utah and its issues with polygamy speaks to the geographical reach and diversity of social topics within the American frontier narrative during this time.

In conclusion, this historical article provides a rich tapestry of details to illustrate the vivid, tough, and transformative period of California's early history. However, the important point to remember is that the narrative presented reflects certain culturally-specific perspectives and attitudes of the period which must be critically engaged with by contemporary readers.

Narrative Exposition:

Imagine the calmness of winter; a pristine shroud of snow cocooning the modest comforts of your home. Yet, within the hush, whispers of yesteryears echo, reverberating through the quietude. A potent echo of this resonates when we delve into the rugged narrative of early California's formative years. We trace the trail of intrepid prospectors who defied the wilderness's harsh grasp and pioneers who rapidly morphed the untamed land to thriving settlements.

These first-hand testimonies of our tenacious forebears depict a reality far removed from ours. Set against the snowy backdrop of California mountains, the primitive charm of log cabins stood as bastions against the biting storm. Far from today's pristine ski lodges, their rustic allure highlights the hardships willingly embraced by these adventurers. Isolated in the mountainous wilds amidst relentless weather conditions, they sought comfort within humble canvas tents, hoisted by their steadfast allies - the jackass. This creature plays a pivotal role in our narrative evolution, as we're about to reveal.

The jackass's role in these elemental adventures can hardly be overstated; these creatures symbolized survival. According to one account, "A single one of these patient and enduring animals was typically sufficient to transport all the essentials required by four or five men on such expeditions." This snippet grants a glimpse into the rugged lifestyle, where each carried pound bore significance. Strained circumstances, paradoxically, refined the adventurers' patience and perseverance, exemplifying the indomitable human spirit.

But early California was far from just a survivalist's tale; it was a culture-filled cauldron, beckoning diverse populations with a shared ambition for a prosperous life. Explorers like Samuel Ingles and John Morton from New York, and Jacob White and George Hatfield from Indiana, brought to life a vivid representation of early America. This impression of individuals converging from far-flung corners, united by a common purpose, kindles a sense of profound inspiration. Their bonds symbolize a pivotal shift toward the era of community solidarity and untamed optimism.

While quaint, these grassroots societies held prejudices and norms. A comical anecdote reveals how Mainean miners initially vowed to maintain aloofness from those outside their state. This sketch draws attention to the stark regional divide alive in this burgeoning republic. Yet, it ends on an optimistic note as they eventually welcomed fellowship with citizens from all over the United States. These episodic tales reiterate that progress isn't a mere measure of physical growth but also societal evolution.

Reeling back to our narrative journey, let's revist our adventurers, who settled near Hay Fork on the Trinity River. Their determination emblemizes the grit required to conquer the wild, mine, and cultivate these lands, gradually spearheading the transformation to a prosperous settlement. These adventures underscore the resilience and spirit woven into the tapestry of California's early saga.

Yet, the valiant spirit of these early Californians wasn't devoid of sorrows, as the heart-wrenching narrative of a Mormon wife in Utah demonstrates. Her distress under the bounds of polygamy serves as a somber reminder of our history's overlooked demographic bearing the burdens of our ancestors' tribulations. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the sacrifices across all societal layers contributing to the world we currently inhabit.

Reflecting on these early escapades, molds our understanding of how the past carved our present. The vibrant spirit of these trailblazing Californians reverberates throughout the state's present-day landscape. From the pulsing tech spheres to the bountiful wine valleys, each Californian inch narrates the tale of our early settlers' sacrifices and triumphs. If these echoes impart any wisdom, it is that unity, resilience, empathy, and the will to elevate are vital to overcoming adversity and shaping our collective futures. Just as our ancestors did amidst the wintry wilds of California, these echoes of perseverance continue to inspire us for the narratives that still unravel. Our ancestors' fortitude serves as both reminders of our resilient heritage and the catalyst sparking the dynamism of the future yet to come.

Key Phrases:

1. 'Early California's formative years' - For further research about the history of California, access the California Historical Society's 'Timeline of California History' through [CHS](https://californiahistoricalsociety.org/online_resources/california-historical-timelines/).
2. 'Jackass's role in these elemental adventures' - This relates to the vital role of donkeys (commonly called jackasses) in exploration and development activities. Find more information in this resource: 'Animals and the California Gold Rush' from [National Park Service](https://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/goldrush-animals.htm).
3. 'Samuel Ingles and John Morton from New York, and Jacob White and George Hatfield from Indiana' - These individuals could be key figures in early California history. However, further resources must be found for individual research.
4. 'Regional divide in the burgeoning republic' - For a more in-depth understanding of regional divides in Early America, check out this article: 'Regional Divisions and Political Differences in Early America' from [Mount Vernon](https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/washington-leads-a-new-nation/regional-divides-and-political-differences-in-early-america/).
5. 'Mormon wife in Utah' - The topic of Mormon polygamy is indeed a sensitive and significant part of US history. Access this article 'The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage' from [The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints](https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics-essays/the-manifesto-and-the-end-of-plural-marriage?lang=eng) for further research.
6. 'Resilience and spirit woven into the tapestry of California's early saga' - For a deeper understanding of the resilience embodied by the early settlers of California, check 'American Experience: The Gold Rush' from [PBS](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/goldrush/).

**Citation**: Trinity Journal
- It is pleasant in these, 1857-01-31
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive

Original Article:

. . .ilnvs of mid winter, when the snow lies to the depth of two or three feet around our comfortable log cabins, to recur to the earlier periods ot California history, and note the improvements which industry and enterprise have effected here in the short space of two or three years. In those days adventurers on “ prospecting" tours, besides the inclemency of the weather, hud to contend with a great scarcity of provisions, ns well as the hostilities of cunning savages. Not unfrcqucntly parties of men have been "snowed up" in tlie mountains at Ibis season of the year, w ith no protection from the howling storm but such as was afforded them by an old canvass tent, which, with other things, was usually packed about on a jackass, the almost invariable companion of prospecting companies. A single one of these patient and enduring animals is generally sufficient to transport from place to place all the provisions, cooking utensils, mining tools, blankets, clothing and other necessaries required by four or five men on such an expedition. A largo stock ol patience and perseverance is however required more than anything else, but these qualities are just as adequate to overcome other obstacles, and their exercise is ns frequently rewarded. .Many of llioso who then came very near being frozen or starved to death in tiie mountains du ring the early days are now delightfully situated in some more congenial location in the older StatcH, while those who remain have now provided themselves with comfortable and convenient homes. It was in the winter of the year 18. r > , or rather late in the Fall that a party of lour men loll the w est branch of Weaver creek for the purpose ol taking up a ranch on the liny Fork of Trinity river. 1‘robably a more jovial company of young men never worked a claim together, or hoed potatoes and cabbage together in the same Held, seemingly because they had learned and determined to take the good the gods provided, with out asking questions. Having with the pick and shovel raised a small “ slake” on the aforesaid West Weaver creek, they resolved to look out a new “ stamping ground" and turn their attention to raising vegetables. Though provisions were extravuganlly high, they could not do without a stock of •• grub,” so they loaded up their two mules and n jackass with Hour, Imcon, beans, tools aud rooking utensils.and immediately start ed for their destination. The latter articles were few in number, consisting only of u coffee pot in w hich to make coffee aud peuuiroynl ten ; a eamp kettle for the beans, and u frying pan in which to cook meat and bake bread. They were four days in making a trip now made in one, but they at last arrived on the Hay Fork, w ithout meeting with nny dilliculty on the way. They met with no white men on the journey except a few miners on tlie Trinity, and on the stream where they designed making a settlement there were but four, one old, gray-liaired man, still a resident of that valley, who was then herding mules, and three miners who were prospecting in the vicinity. The ranching party, whose names I forgot to men tiou in the beginning of my story, consisted ol Samuel Ingles and John Morion, of Now Vork, and Jacob White and George Ibigiid, of Indiana. I have stated their original place of residence be cause, in those days at least, one of the first inquiries made by strangers on meeting was for the native State of each other. I can assign no oth cr reason for this than that a stronger feeling of friendship was in general entertained for those who were horn and brought up in tlie same State. A ludicrous Instance of lids kind of feeling once came under my notice which I shall not anon forget. A party of some half a dozen of us had enI'ninped on a small stream on which another company were at work who it proved were all emigrants from tlie State of Maine. Ah w as customary under such circumstances, one of our number being in want of some tool or other which they possessed, he called on them and politely requested the loan of the desired article. First, however,they inquired whether there were any foreigners amongst us, which being satisfactorily answered, they replied that they hud indeed intended to have no dealings with any persons who were not natives of Maine, tint had afterwords resolved to extend their fellowship to citizens of uny part of the United States, when the implement was freely handed over. It is to be inferred, however, that if they remained any length of time in California they learned to discard such an abominably hellish policy, for the miners of this State are justly celebrated, the world over, for kind, generous and open-hearted conduct. Their frequent and sudden reverses of fortune probably conduce to this humane disposition, but whatever it may tie, certain it is that no class of men arc so ready to yield the largest measure of aid ami assistance to the needy and suffering us the mining portion of our population. lint I am digressing from my story and forgetting my party, which I left on the Hay Fork, where, having encamped near Hie present residence of M. Itucli, they passed the night undisturbed by cither Diggers or grizzlies, although both were numerous in the vicinity. [CONTI Kl'BD NEXT WEEK.] The Mormon Wife. A wife in Utah cannot live out half her days. In families where polygamy has been introduced, she suffers an agony of apprehension on the subject which can scarcely be conceived, much more described. There is a sad, complaining, suffering look, which is obvious to the most ordinary observer, which tells the story, if there were no oilier evidences on the subject.