Chronicle of Growth and Change in Emerging California
The article discusses the changes in the newspaper "The Californian", including its move from Monterey to San Francisco due to the expansion of the paper and the editor's personal interests. It also highlights the importance of the press in California's development, updates on the weather, and news from the Sandwich Islands and Mexico. The article emphasizes the need for subscribers to pay their dues to support the newspaper's growth and success.
The article titled "NEWSPAPER" provides a fascinating window into the mid-19th-century press landscape of California, particularly at a time of significant change. It documents the move of the paper, the Californian, from Monterey to San Francisco, and reflects broader themes of economic opportunity, community support, and the implications of the westward expansion in the United States.
The mid-nineteenth century marked a remarkable transformation for California, as it evolved from a sparsely populated territory into a burgeoning hub of commerce and culture. In this crucial period, the newspaper *The Californian* emerged as a vital voice, articulating the aspirations, challenges, and triumphs of a fledgling state. A pivotal article published in 1846 not only chronicled the newspaper's relocation to San Francisco but also highlighted its commitment to its subscribers and an ever-growing community. Within these pages, we catch a glimpse of the immediate concerns of that era, as well as the foundational role newspapers play in shaping societal values and public engagement.
*The Californian* began its journey in Monterey, once California's capital and the heart of early settlement. This locale provided an ideal backdrop for maritime trade and governmental activities. However, the decision to relocate to San Francisco soon surfaced as a strategic move forward:
"We were as liberally supported there as we expected... our determination to move AT THE TIME we did was brought about from the difficulty of procuring a house suitable for an office."
This transition was far more than a mere change of address; it signified a recognition of San Francisco as the "great Mart for the Pacific," where burgeoning commerce would thrive amid a growing population. As American settlers flooded westward, seeking opportunity and prosperity, the title "great Mart" would soon gain credence. San Francisco was destined to solidify its place as a major trade hub on the West Coast.
Just nine months after its inception, *The Californian* felt it was time to "commence a new volume." This gesture signified not only a rebirth but also an invitation for its patrons to renew their commitment under new auspices. It speaks to a profound truth about the evolution of American society: growth often accompanies change. The urgency to adapt to rapid transformations in the region illustrated the fluid nature of civic life in California during this vibrant period.
Subscription rates reflected the growing demand for information, as the newspaper proposed new prices that hinted at an upgraded quality and wider scope in future editions:
"Persons subscribing now will pay five dollars per annum."
By asking for advance payment, *The Californian* promoted a significant shift—news was evolving from a mere service to an essential investment in community amid transformative times.
Recognizing its civic responsibilities, *The Californian* pledged to "strictly adhere to the principles laid down in our original prospectus," which emphasized neutrality in "party strife or personal difficulties." This commitment to impartiality illustrated a keen understanding of the importance of unity and cooperation within a rapidly diversifying community.
As settlers from varied backgrounds converged, the need for a common thread became apparent—a platform for dialogue. The newspaper aimed to position itself not only as an entertainer of the masses but also as a facilitator of essential discussions.
"We shall use all our influence and exertions to promote peace and order."
Amidst rising reports of social discord stemming from competing interests among settlers, indigenous peoples, and Mexican citizens, the pledge of neutrality took on added significance. It represented a concerted effort to provide balanced viewpoints on the political landscape unfolding across California.
Among the most crucial elements of the article is its acknowledgment of wider trends shaping California during this era. It noted:
"The time has arrived when all eyes are turned towards the Pacific. The tide of emigration has for ages been tending westward."
This observation resonates with the profound national narrative of westward expansion, often steeped in ideas of destiny and opportunities. Following the 1848 discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, this "tide of emigration" surged, dramatically altering California’s demographics and economy.
While the article initially painted a picture of agricultural development and trade, the looming realities of the Gold Rush would necessitate shifts in focus. *The Californian* would soon evolve from a publication concentrated on commerce to one chronicling the intense effects of mass migration alongside the societal changes that followed.
The article further illuminated California's untapped potential:
"The rich valleys which have lain for ages uncultivated... will now be brought into active cultivation."
This declaration epitomized the dual promise of California: both the allure of vast, fertile lands and the industrious spirit of its new settlers. The phrase “active cultivation” carries a bittersweet irony; the land was primed for exploitation by those arriving in search of fortune.
As settlers began to reap the benefits of this fertile land, the ecological consequences of agriculture and settlement would unfold, demanding new responsibilities. Farmers, merchants, and laborers reshaped California, not just economically, but socially, crafting a dynamic identity for the state.
*The Californian* affirmed its crucial role in a thriving democracy. It proclaimed:
"We shall use every effort to sustain the high reputation of the PRESS; that powerful engine for good or for ill."
This statement highlights the press's dual capacity to influence society profoundly—it could ignite progress or fuel discord. The editors remained committed to ensuring that *The Californian* would not only chronicle events but elevate discourse throughout California, helping to convey useful information across every strata of society.
By dedicating themselves to impartial reporting, the newspaper’s leaders recognized that a well-informed populace was essential to an emerging democracy. Their responsibilities extended beyond mere reporting—they aspired to educate readers on pressing social, economic, and political issues that affected their lives.
Gratitude permeated *The Californian's* pages, as it thanked contributors and readers for their support. This appreciation speaks volumes about the communal spirit defining California's early days. The newspaper’s success hinged not only on its quality but also on the engagement of its audience:
"To those who have contributed to our columns... their kindness is, and ever will be, appreciated by us."
This acknowledgment of partnership fosters a sense of accountability and reciprocity between writers and readers, inviting them into a shared narrative and presaging the participatory journalism model long before it became a trend.
The tone depicts optimism while recognizing the education and contributions necessary for sustaining a successful community endeavor. The early reporters and settlers established a legacy of engagement that continues to inspire modern journalism.
The article closed with a powerful reminder of labor's pivotal role in a society:
These words resonate profoundly, echoing through today’s complex labor issues. Movements for labor rights, economic disparities, and the treatment of workers can trace their origins back to this awareness. Labor is not merely a service; it forms the backbone of society, encompassing agricultural practices, merchant trade, and industrial growth.
The reflection on labor as central to national strength carries significant weight, especially as we navigate contemporary issues of race, class, and economic inequality in America.
The historical narrative captured by *The Californian* from 1846 to 1848 serves as more than a record of its time; it offers essential insights into the forces that shaped California, its society, and, indeed, America itself. By exploring community dynamics, promoting impartial discourse, and recognizing the values of labor, the newspaper embodies the collective spirit that would eventually propel California into the Golden State we celebrate today.
The lessons etched within this remarkable historical document remind us that every transformation calls for resilience, unity, and a commitment to the common good. As we reflect on our contemporary societal structures, the enduring principles articulated in this article illuminate pathways forward—tasks of civic engagement, labor rights, resource management, and the role of the press—all resonate today, offering rich insights into navigating the complexities of our modern world.
2. 'The tide of emigration has for ages been tending westward' - This refers to the broader theme of westward expansion in American history. For further reading, see “Manifest Destiny and the Westward Expansion” from [History.com](https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/manifest-destiny).
3. 'Cultivating Resources: The Promises of Prosperity' - This highlights early agriculture and settlement in California. For further reading, see this article on 'The Impact of the Gold Rush on California Agriculture' from [The Agricultural History Society](https://www.aghistorysociety.org/), which explores agricultural practices during that era.
4. 'The Press as an Engine for Change' - This suggests the role of the media in shaping public discourse. For further reading, see 'The Role of Newspapers in American Society: 1776-1860' from [The Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/american-magnolia/).
5. 'Temporal Reflections on Labor and Identity' - This expresses the significance of labor in American society. For further reading, see “Labor Movement History” from [PBS Learning Media](https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/).
6. 'The rich valleys which have lain for ages uncultivated' - This indicates the potential for agricultural development in California. For further reading, see “Agriculture in California” from the [California Department of Food and Agriculture](https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/).
7. 'Common thread became apparent—a platform for dialogue' - This emphasizes the importance of community engagement. For further reading, see “Public Discourse: A Platform for Community Engagement” from [The National Civic League](https://www.nnlc.org/).
8. 'Press and its Readers' - This touches on the relationship between journalism and the community. For further reading, see 'The Relationship Between Journalism and Society' from [Columbia Journalism Review](https://www.cjr.org/).
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive
The enlarged paper will be sent to all of our subscribers to finish the year for which they first subscribed, and on their renewal for the new series or second volume, they will pay in advance three dollars 75 cents, which will entitle them to the paper to the end of the second volume. Persons subscribing now will pay five dollors per annum. We thought it best to commence a new volume, although only nine months of the small paper had heen [been] published, on account of the paper having been so much enlarged. —————— Our patrons will probably enquire why the Californian is now published at San Francisco instead of Monterey. We feel it, not only a duty, but a privilage to answer that inquiry, and we believe it can be done to their satisfaction without giving offence to any, or the disparagement of either place. We first located at Monterey because the Press was there, the Navy was there, and the Government was there, and we had no important interest at any other place. We were as liberally supported there as we expected, and met with all the kindness and attention of a high-minded and hospitable people. The first nine months of the Californian very nearly paid its own expenses, and was gradually increasing its circulation, and we had determined to remain there until the end of our first year, in the hope that some enterprizing Yankee would bring out a press, and be willing to take our place, but our determination to move AT THE TIME we did, was brought about from the difficulty of procuring a house suitable for an office. The most important reason for our leaving Monterey, was not that we disliked the place, or the people, for we were highly pleased with both; but we have been fortunate enough to secure a valuable landed interest on the Bay of San Francisco, on which we are laying out a town, and it is, we believe, a universal principal, that persons love to look after No. 1. We were anxious to be as near to our interest as possible; while we were satisfied that we could make the California equally, if not MORE useful to our patrons by publishing it at this place. The Bay of San Francisco, is now, and will continue to be the great Mart for the Pacific. The Merchants and the people will be interested in knowing what is going forward on the Bay, the amount of goods in market, the prices of produce, and in fact, all the news from the point to which they must look, for their supplies and a market for their surplus productions. We shall notice the arrival of ships, the kind of goods they bring for sale, and as near as may be, the prices current. We shall strictly adhere to the principles laid down in our original prospectus. Studiously avoiding all party strife of personal difficulty, taking sides with no individuals, but will use all our influence and exertions to promote peace and order. Warning the people against impending danger, and recommending such measures as will in our opinion be beneficial to the great mass of the people of California. We shall ivariably [invariably] adopt the motto of "MEASURES, NOT MEN." The time has arrived when all eyes are turned towards the Pacific. The tide of emigration has for ages been tending westward. The great Rocky mountains continued for a time, to be a barrier, but the indomitable energy and courage of the Anglo-American has overcome every obstacle, and are now pouring in torrents upon the beautiful plains of California, their genius and industry, must, in a very short space of time develop to a great extent, the immense resources of this Pacific region. The rich valleys which have lain for ages uncultivated, and the tall grass and oats, only cropped by the wild deer and elk, will now be brought into active cultivation. The waters of our beautiful bay and rivers which have been undisturbed, except by an occasional "hide-drover," and her small boats, will soon be the scene of busy commerce, and the air blackened with the smoke of the majestic Steam Boat. We shall use every effort to sustain the high reputation of the PRESS; that powerful engine for good or for ill, and make it keep pace with the improvement of the age and country; by which useful intelligence shall be conveyed through every branch of society. Thus far our prospects are far from discouraging, and from present appearances, we think there can be but little doubt of the ultimate success and permanent establishment of the CALIFORNIAN. There has been much in our short experience that has served to counterbalance the cares and unpleasant occurrences inseparable from our situation. To our brother editors our thanks are certainly due for the polite reception they have given us, and the honorable mention they have made of our paper. The good wishes and flattering notices that flow upon us, will, we hope, induce us to greater exertion, in order that we may deserve their commendations. Many papers of the first standing in the United States, are already on our exchange list; nor do those welcome proofs of editorial approbation alone, reach us. Some are accompanied by written compliments, and warm expressions of good will that excite our gratitude, and give us courage to persevere in our exertions to perform creditably our arduous duties, and to discharge, to the satisfaction of the public, the responsibilities we have taken upon ourself. We certainly think that we have the means of making our paper worthy of its patronage; and this is saying much; for our subscription list boasts the names of men whose judgement and talents have secured to them reverence and commendation, and whose approbation we have an almost painful desire to merit. To those who have contributed to our columns, or may hearafter [hereafter] favour us with communications, we would observe that their kindness is, and ever will be, appreciated by us. If communications are good, they are highly serviceable to our paper, and even if otherwise, they bear with them the conviction that their writers are interested in our success, and would willingly contribute to it. No person ever attained to excellence in a day, and we must not expect to shine in the world of letters without some considerable study and practice. In closing this article, with a greatful heart, we return our most sincere thanks to our former patrons, and hope to deserve a continuance of their favors, and that of the whole people of California. ———ooo——— ☞ A HINT.—Our friends must understand that if they wish to see the Californian prosper on the large form, they must pay their subscriptions. There is very little prospect for a large paper unless our friends come up to the point as they ought. Pay the printer or you get no PAPER. ———ooo——— VERY STRANGE.—Some Merchants who came out in the Bark Whiton, have actually brought quite a number of very USEFUL articles, such as ploughs, spades, Carpenter's tools, &c. &c., and not a single stran [strand] of BEEDS. They have set up a store in a small house on the beach. ———ooo——— ☞ The office of the Californian is on the same lot with the WIND MILL. Wonder which will use the most GASS. ———ooo——— THE WEATHER,—We have had two or three light showers of rain during the past week, but the weather was remarkably pleasant, with light breeze's in the evenings. The small gardens in this neighborhood look in a prospering condition. The Mercury in the thermometer average 56 degrees above zero. ———ooo——— We have received our regular files of Sandwich Islands papers by the Schr. Santa Cruz, Capt. Lowe, from Honolulu, They contain but very little news of importance. The U. S. Line-of-batle [battle] ships, Pensylvania [Pennsylvania] and North Carolina, (in addition to the blockading vessels) were off Vera Cruz, awating [awaiting] the answer of the Mexican Congress, to the last offer of the United States. The blockade of all the Mexican ports was being enforced, Com. Shubrick, it was supposed would occupy Mazatlan. The Sloop-of-war Portsmouth was blockading the harbor of San José. The President's Message was received through the Mexican journals. The English and American mails were prohibited from passing through the country. We copy the following from the News, March 31st. "The Argo brings us Mexican papers to the 18th Feb., from which we take following: Gen. Scott had assumed the command of the American forces, having arrived at Tampico with an additional body of troops. Gen. Taylor had marched from Monterey and Saltillo to the southward, to join Gen. Scott, and their united forces, amounting to over 20,000 men, would march upon Vera Cruz, which was to be attacked immediately by sea and land, if the ultimatum sent to Mexico by the United States was not accepted. Santa Anna left San Luis Potosi on the 31st Jan., as stated in 'El Republicano' of the 12th ult., with 10,000 men, and 19 pieces of heavy artillery. At the same time Generals Parrodi and Mejia had marched from Fula with 11,000. All were directed upon Monterey, and the reason of this forward movement upon that place is probably to be found in the fact that Gen. Taylor had just quitted it. The Republicano also adds that this statement of troops does not include the army which was in Tula, for the brigades of Merion and Iuvera. The Mexican army was in a miserable condition, without pay, and almost destitute of clothing, and we notice in the same paper the following: "Last night a courier arrived with dispatches from Gen. Santa Anna, in which he announces his arrival at Matehala on the 7th instant, (February,) without any important occurrence, but overwhelmed with misery in consequence of the neglect of the government to make the necessary provisions for the necessities of the army." Contradictory statements are not wanting, for while we learn from one source that Gen. Taylor had marched to the south, as before stated, El Republicano of the 12th ult., says: "We know that General Taylor has fortified himself at Saltillo, and has nearly six thousand men, with sixteon [sixteen] pieces of Artillery." In El Senorense, Ionora, of Feb., 18th, we notice a despatch from Gen. Merion to Santa Anna, dated at the hacienda de la Eucarnacion, near Tula, informing him that he had captured an advance post of the Americans at that place, taking prisoners two staff officers, four subalterns, and seventy six men, among whom was a Mexican, who was immediately shot. This feat appears to have been performed with a whole brigade, and Santa Anna replies that it has covered itself with glory—given it thanks in the name of the nation, and directs that the spoils of the enemy be divided among the valiant troops. Nothing is heard of General Wool's division in the north, and most of the news through the Mexican papers should be taken with some grains of allowance." ———ooo——— ☞ Who are those that make up the people of a country? Those who labor. Strike down the wages of the laborer, and you strike down your country.
Context of the Californian's Move:
The Californian's relocation was not merely geographical but also indicative of the shifting dynamics in California during the Gold Rush era. Founded in Monterey, a city recognized for its historical significance as the capital of Alta California, the paper’s migration to San Francisco—a burgeoning hub—illustrates the transformation of economic centers during the 1840s. The article states, “The Bay of San Francisco, is now, and will continue to be the great Mart for the Pacific,” emphasizing the strategic importance of the location for commerce and communication.Economic Aspirations and Community Engagement:
The article also highlights the paper’s economic model and its relationship with subscribers. The authors express hope that their new volume will attract both current and new patrons, charging different subscription rates depending on when individuals choose to renew or sign up. The line, “Persons subscribing now will pay five dollors per annum,” reflects not only the economic realities but also an eagerness to foster a community that values its local press. This sense of engagement is further reinforced with the statement that “Our patrons will probably enquire why the Californian is now published at San Francisco instead of Monterey,” showcasing an awareness of audience sentiment and the need for transparency.Broader Implications of Expansion and Progress:
The article contrasts the early period of settlement and the burgeoning potential of California, noting that “the indomitable energy and courage of the Anglo-American has overcome every obstacle,” thereby underscoring the contemporary narrative of Manifest Destiny. The authors are optimistic about California's future, with a recognition that economic and agricultural conditions were ripe for development: “The rich valleys which have lain for ages uncultivated... will now be brought into active cultivation.” This portrayal is hopeful and anticipatory, mirroring the attitudes of many contemporaries who viewed westward expansion as a path to prosperity and innovation.Literary and Press Values:
The commitment to remaining neutral in political discourse is articulated clearly, with the motto “MEASURES, NOT MEN,” signaling an aspirational objectivity in a period rife with considerable partisan tensions due to the Mexican-American War. The paper's goal to promote “peace and order” and to publish “useful intelligence” suggests an early ambition to establish journalism standards focused more on community welfare than on political sensationalism.Conclusion:
In summary, the article serves as a historical artifact that not only explains the operational realities of a newspaper transitioning from Monterey to San Francisco but also reflects broader societal changes occurring in California at the time. It is emblematic of the challenges and ambitions of early Californian journalism amidst the backdrop of rapid demographic and economic transformation. The voiced aspirations for growth both for the Californian and the region resonate deeply with the ethos of growth that characterized the United States during this dynamic era.The Californian: Chronicle of Growth and Change in Emerging California (1846-1848)
The mid-nineteenth century marked a remarkable transformation for California, as it evolved from a sparsely populated territory into a burgeoning hub of commerce and culture. In this crucial period, the newspaper *The Californian* emerged as a vital voice, articulating the aspirations, challenges, and triumphs of a fledgling state. A pivotal article published in 1846 not only chronicled the newspaper's relocation to San Francisco but also highlighted its commitment to its subscribers and an ever-growing community. Within these pages, we catch a glimpse of the immediate concerns of that era, as well as the foundational role newspapers play in shaping societal values and public engagement.
The Journey from Monterey to San Francisco
*The Californian* began its journey in Monterey, once California's capital and the heart of early settlement. This locale provided an ideal backdrop for maritime trade and governmental activities. However, the decision to relocate to San Francisco soon surfaced as a strategic move forward:
"We were as liberally supported there as we expected... our determination to move AT THE TIME we did was brought about from the difficulty of procuring a house suitable for an office."
This transition was far more than a mere change of address; it signified a recognition of San Francisco as the "great Mart for the Pacific," where burgeoning commerce would thrive amid a growing population. As American settlers flooded westward, seeking opportunity and prosperity, the title "great Mart" would soon gain credence. San Francisco was destined to solidify its place as a major trade hub on the West Coast.
Embracing the Change: A New Volume for New Beginnings
Just nine months after its inception, *The Californian* felt it was time to "commence a new volume." This gesture signified not only a rebirth but also an invitation for its patrons to renew their commitment under new auspices. It speaks to a profound truth about the evolution of American society: growth often accompanies change. The urgency to adapt to rapid transformations in the region illustrated the fluid nature of civic life in California during this vibrant period.
Subscription rates reflected the growing demand for information, as the newspaper proposed new prices that hinted at an upgraded quality and wider scope in future editions:
"Persons subscribing now will pay five dollars per annum."
By asking for advance payment, *The Californian* promoted a significant shift—news was evolving from a mere service to an essential investment in community amid transformative times.
A Balancing Act: Addressing Public Concerns
Recognizing its civic responsibilities, *The Californian* pledged to "strictly adhere to the principles laid down in our original prospectus," which emphasized neutrality in "party strife or personal difficulties." This commitment to impartiality illustrated a keen understanding of the importance of unity and cooperation within a rapidly diversifying community.
As settlers from varied backgrounds converged, the need for a common thread became apparent—a platform for dialogue. The newspaper aimed to position itself not only as an entertainer of the masses but also as a facilitator of essential discussions.
"We shall use all our influence and exertions to promote peace and order."
Amidst rising reports of social discord stemming from competing interests among settlers, indigenous peoples, and Mexican citizens, the pledge of neutrality took on added significance. It represented a concerted effort to provide balanced viewpoints on the political landscape unfolding across California.
Emigration and the American Dream
Among the most crucial elements of the article is its acknowledgment of wider trends shaping California during this era. It noted:
"The time has arrived when all eyes are turned towards the Pacific. The tide of emigration has for ages been tending westward."
This observation resonates with the profound national narrative of westward expansion, often steeped in ideas of destiny and opportunities. Following the 1848 discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, this "tide of emigration" surged, dramatically altering California’s demographics and economy.
While the article initially painted a picture of agricultural development and trade, the looming realities of the Gold Rush would necessitate shifts in focus. *The Californian* would soon evolve from a publication concentrated on commerce to one chronicling the intense effects of mass migration alongside the societal changes that followed.
Cultivating Resources: The Promises of Prosperity
The article further illuminated California's untapped potential:
"The rich valleys which have lain for ages uncultivated... will now be brought into active cultivation."
This declaration epitomized the dual promise of California: both the allure of vast, fertile lands and the industrious spirit of its new settlers. The phrase “active cultivation” carries a bittersweet irony; the land was primed for exploitation by those arriving in search of fortune.
As settlers began to reap the benefits of this fertile land, the ecological consequences of agriculture and settlement would unfold, demanding new responsibilities. Farmers, merchants, and laborers reshaped California, not just economically, but socially, crafting a dynamic identity for the state.
The Press as an Engine for Change
*The Californian* affirmed its crucial role in a thriving democracy. It proclaimed:
"We shall use every effort to sustain the high reputation of the PRESS; that powerful engine for good or for ill."
This statement highlights the press's dual capacity to influence society profoundly—it could ignite progress or fuel discord. The editors remained committed to ensuring that *The Californian* would not only chronicle events but elevate discourse throughout California, helping to convey useful information across every strata of society.
By dedicating themselves to impartial reporting, the newspaper’s leaders recognized that a well-informed populace was essential to an emerging democracy. Their responsibilities extended beyond mere reporting—they aspired to educate readers on pressing social, economic, and political issues that affected their lives.
Reciprocity Between the Press and its Readers
Gratitude permeated *The Californian's* pages, as it thanked contributors and readers for their support. This appreciation speaks volumes about the communal spirit defining California's early days. The newspaper’s success hinged not only on its quality but also on the engagement of its audience:
"To those who have contributed to our columns... their kindness is, and ever will be, appreciated by us."
This acknowledgment of partnership fosters a sense of accountability and reciprocity between writers and readers, inviting them into a shared narrative and presaging the participatory journalism model long before it became a trend.
The tone depicts optimism while recognizing the education and contributions necessary for sustaining a successful community endeavor. The early reporters and settlers established a legacy of engagement that continues to inspire modern journalism.
Temporal Reflections on Labor and Identity
The article closed with a powerful reminder of labor's pivotal role in a society:
"Who are those that make up the people of a country? Those who labor. Strike down the wages of the laborer, and you strike down your country."
These words resonate profoundly, echoing through today’s complex labor issues. Movements for labor rights, economic disparities, and the treatment of workers can trace their origins back to this awareness. Labor is not merely a service; it forms the backbone of society, encompassing agricultural practices, merchant trade, and industrial growth.
The reflection on labor as central to national strength carries significant weight, especially as we navigate contemporary issues of race, class, and economic inequality in America.
Conclusion: Lessons from *The Californian*
The historical narrative captured by *The Californian* from 1846 to 1848 serves as more than a record of its time; it offers essential insights into the forces that shaped California, its society, and, indeed, America itself. By exploring community dynamics, promoting impartial discourse, and recognizing the values of labor, the newspaper embodies the collective spirit that would eventually propel California into the Golden State we celebrate today.
The lessons etched within this remarkable historical document remind us that every transformation calls for resilience, unity, and a commitment to the common good. As we reflect on our contemporary societal structures, the enduring principles articulated in this article illuminate pathways forward—tasks of civic engagement, labor rights, resource management, and the role of the press—all resonate today, offering rich insights into navigating the complexities of our modern world.
Key Phrases:
1. 'The Journey from Monterey to San Francisco' - This phrase underscores the historical significance of San Francisco's emergence as a trade hub. For further reading, see this article on 'The Economic History of San Francisco' from [The California Historical Society](https://californiahistoricalsociety.org/).2. 'The tide of emigration has for ages been tending westward' - This refers to the broader theme of westward expansion in American history. For further reading, see “Manifest Destiny and the Westward Expansion” from [History.com](https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/manifest-destiny).
3. 'Cultivating Resources: The Promises of Prosperity' - This highlights early agriculture and settlement in California. For further reading, see this article on 'The Impact of the Gold Rush on California Agriculture' from [The Agricultural History Society](https://www.aghistorysociety.org/), which explores agricultural practices during that era.
4. 'The Press as an Engine for Change' - This suggests the role of the media in shaping public discourse. For further reading, see 'The Role of Newspapers in American Society: 1776-1860' from [The Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/american-magnolia/).
5. 'Temporal Reflections on Labor and Identity' - This expresses the significance of labor in American society. For further reading, see “Labor Movement History” from [PBS Learning Media](https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/).
6. 'The rich valleys which have lain for ages uncultivated' - This indicates the potential for agricultural development in California. For further reading, see “Agriculture in California” from the [California Department of Food and Agriculture](https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/).
7. 'Common thread became apparent—a platform for dialogue' - This emphasizes the importance of community engagement. For further reading, see “Public Discourse: A Platform for Community Engagement” from [The National Civic League](https://www.nnlc.org/).
8. 'Press and its Readers' - This touches on the relationship between journalism and the community. For further reading, see 'The Relationship Between Journalism and Society' from [Columbia Journalism Review](https://www.cjr.org/).
**Citation**: The Californian
- NEWSPAPER., 1847-05-22https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive
Original Article:
The enlarged paper will be sent to all of our subscribers to finish the year for which they first subscribed, and on their renewal for the new series or second volume, they will pay in advance three dollars 75 cents, which will entitle them to the paper to the end of the second volume. Persons subscribing now will pay five dollors per annum. We thought it best to commence a new volume, although only nine months of the small paper had heen [been] published, on account of the paper having been so much enlarged. —————— Our patrons will probably enquire why the Californian is now published at San Francisco instead of Monterey. We feel it, not only a duty, but a privilage to answer that inquiry, and we believe it can be done to their satisfaction without giving offence to any, or the disparagement of either place. We first located at Monterey because the Press was there, the Navy was there, and the Government was there, and we had no important interest at any other place. We were as liberally supported there as we expected, and met with all the kindness and attention of a high-minded and hospitable people. The first nine months of the Californian very nearly paid its own expenses, and was gradually increasing its circulation, and we had determined to remain there until the end of our first year, in the hope that some enterprizing Yankee would bring out a press, and be willing to take our place, but our determination to move AT THE TIME we did, was brought about from the difficulty of procuring a house suitable for an office. The most important reason for our leaving Monterey, was not that we disliked the place, or the people, for we were highly pleased with both; but we have been fortunate enough to secure a valuable landed interest on the Bay of San Francisco, on which we are laying out a town, and it is, we believe, a universal principal, that persons love to look after No. 1. We were anxious to be as near to our interest as possible; while we were satisfied that we could make the California equally, if not MORE useful to our patrons by publishing it at this place. The Bay of San Francisco, is now, and will continue to be the great Mart for the Pacific. The Merchants and the people will be interested in knowing what is going forward on the Bay, the amount of goods in market, the prices of produce, and in fact, all the news from the point to which they must look, for their supplies and a market for their surplus productions. We shall notice the arrival of ships, the kind of goods they bring for sale, and as near as may be, the prices current. We shall strictly adhere to the principles laid down in our original prospectus. Studiously avoiding all party strife of personal difficulty, taking sides with no individuals, but will use all our influence and exertions to promote peace and order. Warning the people against impending danger, and recommending such measures as will in our opinion be beneficial to the great mass of the people of California. We shall ivariably [invariably] adopt the motto of "MEASURES, NOT MEN." The time has arrived when all eyes are turned towards the Pacific. The tide of emigration has for ages been tending westward. The great Rocky mountains continued for a time, to be a barrier, but the indomitable energy and courage of the Anglo-American has overcome every obstacle, and are now pouring in torrents upon the beautiful plains of California, their genius and industry, must, in a very short space of time develop to a great extent, the immense resources of this Pacific region. The rich valleys which have lain for ages uncultivated, and the tall grass and oats, only cropped by the wild deer and elk, will now be brought into active cultivation. The waters of our beautiful bay and rivers which have been undisturbed, except by an occasional "hide-drover," and her small boats, will soon be the scene of busy commerce, and the air blackened with the smoke of the majestic Steam Boat. We shall use every effort to sustain the high reputation of the PRESS; that powerful engine for good or for ill, and make it keep pace with the improvement of the age and country; by which useful intelligence shall be conveyed through every branch of society. Thus far our prospects are far from discouraging, and from present appearances, we think there can be but little doubt of the ultimate success and permanent establishment of the CALIFORNIAN. There has been much in our short experience that has served to counterbalance the cares and unpleasant occurrences inseparable from our situation. To our brother editors our thanks are certainly due for the polite reception they have given us, and the honorable mention they have made of our paper. The good wishes and flattering notices that flow upon us, will, we hope, induce us to greater exertion, in order that we may deserve their commendations. Many papers of the first standing in the United States, are already on our exchange list; nor do those welcome proofs of editorial approbation alone, reach us. Some are accompanied by written compliments, and warm expressions of good will that excite our gratitude, and give us courage to persevere in our exertions to perform creditably our arduous duties, and to discharge, to the satisfaction of the public, the responsibilities we have taken upon ourself. We certainly think that we have the means of making our paper worthy of its patronage; and this is saying much; for our subscription list boasts the names of men whose judgement and talents have secured to them reverence and commendation, and whose approbation we have an almost painful desire to merit. To those who have contributed to our columns, or may hearafter [hereafter] favour us with communications, we would observe that their kindness is, and ever will be, appreciated by us. If communications are good, they are highly serviceable to our paper, and even if otherwise, they bear with them the conviction that their writers are interested in our success, and would willingly contribute to it. No person ever attained to excellence in a day, and we must not expect to shine in the world of letters without some considerable study and practice. In closing this article, with a greatful heart, we return our most sincere thanks to our former patrons, and hope to deserve a continuance of their favors, and that of the whole people of California. ———ooo——— ☞ A HINT.—Our friends must understand that if they wish to see the Californian prosper on the large form, they must pay their subscriptions. There is very little prospect for a large paper unless our friends come up to the point as they ought. Pay the printer or you get no PAPER. ———ooo——— VERY STRANGE.—Some Merchants who came out in the Bark Whiton, have actually brought quite a number of very USEFUL articles, such as ploughs, spades, Carpenter's tools, &c. &c., and not a single stran [strand] of BEEDS. They have set up a store in a small house on the beach. ———ooo——— ☞ The office of the Californian is on the same lot with the WIND MILL. Wonder which will use the most GASS. ———ooo——— THE WEATHER,—We have had two or three light showers of rain during the past week, but the weather was remarkably pleasant, with light breeze's in the evenings. The small gardens in this neighborhood look in a prospering condition. The Mercury in the thermometer average 56 degrees above zero. ———ooo——— We have received our regular files of Sandwich Islands papers by the Schr. Santa Cruz, Capt. Lowe, from Honolulu, They contain but very little news of importance. The U. S. Line-of-batle [battle] ships, Pensylvania [Pennsylvania] and North Carolina, (in addition to the blockading vessels) were off Vera Cruz, awating [awaiting] the answer of the Mexican Congress, to the last offer of the United States. The blockade of all the Mexican ports was being enforced, Com. Shubrick, it was supposed would occupy Mazatlan. The Sloop-of-war Portsmouth was blockading the harbor of San José. The President's Message was received through the Mexican journals. The English and American mails were prohibited from passing through the country. We copy the following from the News, March 31st. "The Argo brings us Mexican papers to the 18th Feb., from which we take following: Gen. Scott had assumed the command of the American forces, having arrived at Tampico with an additional body of troops. Gen. Taylor had marched from Monterey and Saltillo to the southward, to join Gen. Scott, and their united forces, amounting to over 20,000 men, would march upon Vera Cruz, which was to be attacked immediately by sea and land, if the ultimatum sent to Mexico by the United States was not accepted. Santa Anna left San Luis Potosi on the 31st Jan., as stated in 'El Republicano' of the 12th ult., with 10,000 men, and 19 pieces of heavy artillery. At the same time Generals Parrodi and Mejia had marched from Fula with 11,000. All were directed upon Monterey, and the reason of this forward movement upon that place is probably to be found in the fact that Gen. Taylor had just quitted it. The Republicano also adds that this statement of troops does not include the army which was in Tula, for the brigades of Merion and Iuvera. The Mexican army was in a miserable condition, without pay, and almost destitute of clothing, and we notice in the same paper the following: "Last night a courier arrived with dispatches from Gen. Santa Anna, in which he announces his arrival at Matehala on the 7th instant, (February,) without any important occurrence, but overwhelmed with misery in consequence of the neglect of the government to make the necessary provisions for the necessities of the army." Contradictory statements are not wanting, for while we learn from one source that Gen. Taylor had marched to the south, as before stated, El Republicano of the 12th ult., says: "We know that General Taylor has fortified himself at Saltillo, and has nearly six thousand men, with sixteon [sixteen] pieces of Artillery." In El Senorense, Ionora, of Feb., 18th, we notice a despatch from Gen. Merion to Santa Anna, dated at the hacienda de la Eucarnacion, near Tula, informing him that he had captured an advance post of the Americans at that place, taking prisoners two staff officers, four subalterns, and seventy six men, among whom was a Mexican, who was immediately shot. This feat appears to have been performed with a whole brigade, and Santa Anna replies that it has covered itself with glory—given it thanks in the name of the nation, and directs that the spoils of the enemy be divided among the valiant troops. Nothing is heard of General Wool's division in the north, and most of the news through the Mexican papers should be taken with some grains of allowance." ———ooo——— ☞ Who are those that make up the people of a country? Those who labor. Strike down the wages of the laborer, and you strike down your country.
