The Founding of Governance in Early California: A Closer Look at the First Town Council Meeting

 

A Closer Look at the First Town Council Meeting

The article from "The Californian" dated September 16, 1847, discusses the organization of the Town Council in the Alcalde's office. Judge Hyde swore in councilmen and appointed a committee to form a code of laws for the town. W. A. Leidesdorff was elected as Town Treasurer, and an ordinance to prevent desertion of seamen was passed. The Council adjourned to the next meeting on Tuesday evening.

The article titled "TOWN COUNCIL," reflects the formation and initial proceedings of a town council in a burgeoning American community during the mid-19th century. Dated September 16, 1847, this brief account captures significant developments within the local government framework amidst a rapidly expanding frontier, likely in California, given the historical context of that era.

At this time, the U.S. was undergoing substantial changes prior to the 1848 Gold Rush, which brought a surge of migration and settlement to the West. The establishment of local governments such as this town council was vital for asserting order and regulation in these newly populated areas. The meeting was convened by Judge Hyde, illustrating the role of judicial figures in community organization—a common practice in early American frontier governance where legal frameworks were often nascent.

The council was composed of several prominent figures of the community, including "Wm. A. Leidesdorff" and "E. P. Jones," who were elected to leadership positions that would direct the newly formed government. Leidesdorff, in particular, is noteworthy as he was one of the earliest African American landowners and entrepreneurs in California, indicating a diverse social fabric in this community. The article states, "the Town Council was declared organized," which signifies a formal recognition of governance meant to establish local authority and law.

Dr. Jones' motion to form "a committee of three to form a code of laws for the regulation of the affairs of the Town" is especially pivotal. This proposed legal framework would address local issues, likely including property rights, civil order, and economic activities critical to the settlers. The appointment of Wm. D. M. Howard, E. P. Jones, and W. S. Clark to this committee demonstrates a concerted effort by the Council to establish a structured legal system in what was still relatively unregulated territory.

Following the organizational matters, the article notes the election of "W. A. Leidesdorff" as Town Treasurer, with an obligation to offer a bond of "ten thousand dollars." This act illustrates the financial responsibilities and fiduciary breaching of trust expected from public officials, as well as the significance of securing community funds. It underscores the reliance on structured governance, as "the clerk of the Alcalde's office, act as Secretary of the Council," further emphasizes the intertwining of existing judicial infrastructure with municipal governance.

The implication of the ordinance "to prevent desertion of Seamen" signifies practical concerns typical of port towns during this period and highlights the significance of maritime economic activities in the local economy. Such regulations were crucial not just for local governance but also for maintaining the operation and reputation of the town as a trade hub.

In summary, this article captures a moment of civic development and organization in the burgeoning communities of mid-19th century America, characterized by urgency for governance, law, and order in the rapidly changing sociopolitical landscape. The establishment and constitution of the town council as described reflect broader trends of American expansion, local self-governance, and the social dynamics at play during a transformative period in U.S. history. The principles laid out in the meeting still resonate in modern local governments, illustrating the enduring legacy of these foundational moments.

The Founding of Governance in Early California: A Closer Look at the First Town Council Meeting

In the heart of the San Francisco Bay Area in 1847, a momentous meeting marked the dawn of local governance—a testament to the dynamic evolution of a region destined to become a cornerstone of American history. This event, meticulously chronicled in contemporary newspapers, provides invaluable insights into how the foundations of California's governance were established. A particularly notable account comes from *The Californian*, detailing the inaugural meeting of the first town council in Yerba Buena (modern-day San Francisco) on the evening of September 16, 1847.

The formation of this Town Council transcended the mere gathering of men legislating; it symbolized a significant period of social and political transformation ignited by the Mexican-American War and the Gold Rush. A closer examination of the nuances surrounding this council’s creation reveals much about how early governance shaped the enduring Californian ethos.

The Context: Between Two Nations

The year 1847 sits at a pivotal juncture marked by sweeping cultural and political transformations. The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was not just a battle for territory; it redefined identities and borders across North America. By the end of the war, California would be ceded to the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, a change felt even before the formalities unfolded. Amidst this backdrop, settlers and new arrivals began to envision a society grounded in democratic ideals.

At that time, Yerba Buena was a modest yet burgeoning settlement, a seemingly inconsequential collection of tents that barely hinted at its future significance. Its governance reflected a blend of Mexican legal traditions and American principles, with the meeting on September 16th serving as a crucial turning point for self-governance, uniting diverse influences in a fledgling society.

The Council Composition

As the council convened, influential figures such as William A. Leidesdorff, E. P. Jones, Robert A. Parker, W. D. M. Howard, William Glover, and William S. Clark came together, each representing a unique tapestry of backgrounds, skills, and aspirations. Among them, William A. Leidesdorff stood out as a remarkable character—a Black man of Caribbean descent who ascended to prominence as a successful merchant and landowner. His presence in the council underscores the rich diversity that characterized early California, showcasing the intricacies of race and opportunity in this formative period.

Together, these men shared a significant goal: “the regulation of the affairs of the Town.” Aware of their newfound authority, they took on the monumental task of drafting and enforcing the first laws to govern their community, marking a substantial shift from informal arrangements to structured governance. The motion proposed by Dr. Jones to form a committee illustrates an essential aspect of effective governance—the need for a solid legal framework.

Legislative Intent: The Motion for a Code of Laws

Dr. Jones’ proposal to appoint “a committee of three to form a code of laws for the regulation of the affairs of the Town” elevated the meeting’s significance to new heights. The committee consisted of W.D. M. Howard, E.P. Jones, and W.S. Clark, tasked with crafting guidelines to establish behavioral norms, rights, and responsibilities. This marked the inception of a local legislative body committed to fostering a harmonious society within a diverse and growing settlement.

The establishment of a code of laws is a critical step in any community’s development, embodying principles of civil order that resonate even today. By instituting regulations, the council was not merely enshrining existing customs; they were actively participating in a broader democratic experiment. Each ordinance they enacted not only laid the groundwork for governance in California but also foreshadowed the more intricate legal structures that would evolve as the state matured.

The Role of the Town Treasurer

Among the significant decisions made at this gathering was the appointment of a Town Treasurer, with Leidesdorff assuming the role. Requiring him to “give bonds to the amount of ten thousand dollars” demonstrated an early recognition of the importance of fiscal responsibility. This measure underscored the belief that sound financial oversight was critical for the community's stability and growth, especially in light of the rapid population influx driven by the Gold Rush.

Today, financial accountability remains a cornerstone of public trust. This early mandate for bonds exemplified an understanding that the integrity of financial management would instill confidence among residents. As California experienced a surge of settlers and resources, responsible administration of public finances became not just a preference but a necessity—principles echoed in contemporary governance.

The Appointment of the Secretary

In a move that highlights government efficiency, the council’s decision to appoint the Alcalde's clerk as Secretary showcases how existing bureaucratic structures adapt to new governance needs. This integration provided continuity and professionalism, thereby fostering a more effective legislative environment.

The inclusion of a Secretary mirrors the roles found in modern local governments across the United States, where administrative responsibilities underpin day-to-day governance. Beyond merely filling a position, this decision emphasized the crucial aspects of documentation, record-keeping, and transparency, elements vital for establishing trust in governance.

The Ordinance on Seamen

Among the various resolutions passed, “an Ordinance to prevent the desertion of Seamen” stands out as particularly intriguing. With California evolving as a significant port town, this ordinance reveals the socio-economic realities of the time. The maritime industry was not only economically vital but also marred by complex labor dynamics, presenting a challenging narrative of rights and obligations in a developing settlement.

This early legislative effort reflects an awareness of labor issues; just as contemporary California grapples with worker rights and industrial relations, the town council was already anticipating similar challenges. Such foresight may seem isolated but resonates today in debates about labor dynamics at local, state, and national levels.

The Broader Implications of Local Governance

The establishment of the Town Council transcended administrative duties; it encapsulated community aspirations for self-determination and legal order. As the United States expanded westward, local governance structures proved essential for managing and integrating new populations and cultures.

The pioneering efforts of this council laid a foundation for governance in California that would continue to evolve through the years. This blending of cultural influences gave rise to a diverse identity—one that still champions the ideals of resilience and innovation endemic to California today.

In the years that followed, the principles laid down by the council would face numerous tests—from California's achievement of statehood in 1850 to the continuous shifts in demographic, economic, and environmental factors shaping the state’s future. The ethos of self-governance initiated in 1847 would become increasingly vital.

Lessons from the Past for Present Governance

Reflecting on the foundational principles established during that September 1847 meeting offers valuable lessons for contemporary governance. Today’s local councils wield significant influence over community development, making inclusivity and representation more crucial than ever.

1. **Inclusivity in Leadership:** The diversity within the council serves as a powerful reminder for modern governance structures. A range of perspectives is essential for addressing the multifaceted needs of a community.

2. **Legal Frameworks and Community Standards:** The council’s decision to create a code of laws underscores the necessity of a solid legal foundation for an orderly society. Local governments today must continually evaluate and adapt regulations to honor historical foundations while catering to evolving community needs.

3. **Financial Accountability:** Leidesdorff’s commitment to financial transparency resonates with today’s standards for public trust. The protection of public funds remains an enduring principle essential for all levels of governance.

4. **Labor Rights and Economy:** The attention to labor dynamics through the ordinance on seamen highlights the ongoing need to address labor issues. As labor markets evolve, local governments must advocate for equitable practices that maintain economic viability.

5. **Adaptability and Forward Planning:** The council's commitment to form committees and establish ordinances exemplifies strategic planning. Modern governance similarly demands foresight and adaptability to prioritize community interests amid uncertainties.

Understanding these historical developments deepens our appreciation for the multifaceted fabric of Californian identity, woven through earlier governance efforts. The lessons learned from 1847 resonate profoundly in our contemporary landscape.

Conclusion: Echoes Into the Present

The Town Council meeting on September 16, 1847, stands as a microcosm of early Californian society, capturing both the challenges and aspirations of a new community striving to establish itself in a time of flux. As we reflect on this pivotal moment, we unveil not just a narrative of laws and regulations but a rich historical tapestry that continues to shape California today.

The synthesis of the Town Council serves as a beacon of community-building and a reminder of the responsibilities entailed in local governance. As California navigates future challenges and opportunities, its progress echoes the storied past that remains firmly integrated into its evolving present. By examining this significant meeting, we recognize the enduring relevance of local governance in our shared democratic journey—a journey defined by persistence, adaptability, and the quest for inclusive representation that began with that fateful evening in 1847.

**Key Phrases:**

1. **'First Town Council Meeting in Yerba Buena (1847)'** - This event represents a significant moment in local governance history in California. For further reading, see the article on local governance history from [California History](https://www.californiahistoricalsociety.org).

2. **'Mexican-American War (1846-1848)'** - The war was pivotal in reshaping territorial boundaries and national identities in North America. For deeper exploration, refer to the overview of the war on [ProQuest](https://www.proquest.com/docview/1807837714).

3. **'Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo'** - This treaty ended the Mexican-American War and significantly impacted California. For more information, see this source on the treaty's implications from [National Archives](https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals/guadalupe.html).

4. **'William A. Leidesdorff'** - A key figure representing diversity in early California governance. To learn more about his contributions, check the biography on [SF Museum](https://www.sfmuseum.org/bio/leidesdorff.html).

5. **'Formation of a Code of Laws'** - This initiative marked the establishment of legal frameworks in a new community. For further insights, see the discussion on legislative history from [California Legislative Information](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov).

6. **'Town Treasurer and fiscal responsibility'** - This role highlights early recognition of financial governance. To understand modern parallels, consult [National League of Cities](https://www.nlc.org).

7. **'Ordinance on Seamen'** - Reflecting early labor issues in California’s economy. For an analysis of labor rights history, see [Labor Studies Journal](https://www.laborstudiesjournal.org).

8. **'Cultural and political transformations in 1847 California'** - A broader look at the changes occurring during this period. For additional research, see the article from [Smithsonian](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history).

9. **'Community aspirations for self-governance'** - The innate desire for self-determination echoed throughout history. To explore the evolution of local governance, refer to [American Political Science Review](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review).

10. **'Diversity in governance and modern implications'** - A discussion on the importance of representation in today's local governments. For relevant literature, see the publication by [The Urban Institute](https://www.urban.org).

These key phrases capture significant themes and historical events that shaped early California governance, providing pathways for research and exploration.

**Citation**: The Californian

- TOWN COUNCIL., 1847-09-22
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive

Original Article:

Thursday Evening, Sept. 16, 1847. According to notice of Judge Hyde, the following persons met as Councilmen at the Alcalde's office:— Win. A Leidesdorff—E. P. Jones—Robt. A. Parker —W. D. M. Howard—William Glover and William S. Clark. And after being duly sworn in by Judge Hyde, the Town Council was declared organized. Dr. Jones, motioned that a committee of three be appointed to form a code of laws for the regulation of the affairs of the Town, and that the said committee report the same at the next meeting of the Council.—Passed. The following gentlemen were then appointed by the Council to act as the committee:— Wm. D. M. Howard—E. P. Jones—W. S. Clark. After which the Council elected W. A. Leidesdorff, as Town Treasurer, who was required to give bonds to the amount of ten thousand dollars. It was agreed by the Council that the clerk of the Alcalde's office, act as Secretary of the Council, and receive a suitable compensation for the same. An Ordinance to prevent desertion of Seamen was then passed, and the Council adjourned to Tuesday evening next. ———

Toasting William A. Leidesdorff and California’s Early Development

In Celebration of Innovation

The article discusses the achievements and contributions of William A. Leidesdorff, an influential figure in California during the mid-19th century. He is recognized for his role as the first American Consul for San Francisco, a member of the Town Council, and the first steamboat proprietor and navigator in the bay of San Francisco. Various individuals praise Leidesdorff for his entrepreneurial spirit, impact on the development of San Francisco, and his efforts in advancing navigation and commerce in California. The article highlights the unity and potential prosperity of rival towns like San Francisco and Sonoma, with Leidesdorff being seen as a driving force behind these advancements.

The article titled "TOASTS," dated November 25, 1847, provides a glimpse into the significant figures, events, and sentiments surrounding early California, particularly San Francisco and Sonoma. This period was marked by burgeoning economic opportunities and transportation innovations, enriched by the Gold Rush, which would soon follow in 1848. The toasts honor a few key individuals and highlight their contributions to the nascent community and its aspirations.

The central figure mentioned is William A. Leidesdorff, who is celebrated for his pivotal role as "the first American Consul for San Francisco" and for introducing steamboat navigation to the region. The article elaborates on his influence, proclaiming him as “the first steamboat proprietor and navigator in the bay of San Francisco.” This recognition underscores the importance of maritime transport to the economic development of California, as steamboats would facilitate trade, communication, and migration, vital for a state poised on the edge of exponential growth due to the Gold Rush.

General M. Guadalupe Vallejo's toast stands out as a clarion call for collaboration and progress. Recalling the spirit of innovation embodied in both Leidesdorff and Robert Fulton, he states, “the genius of a Fulton and the enterprise of a Leidesdorff will soon unite them in interest as they are now united in feeling.” This not only underscores the engineering advancements made possible by steam power but also hints at the burgeoning cooperative spirit among California’s early settlers, regardless of their backgrounds.

Lieutenant Colonel Victor Prudon’s tribute to Fulton reflects a broader admiration for technological advancements of the era, as he articulates how steam power has "conquered the resistance of weight, of wind, and of the sea." His remarks illustrate contemporary views on industrialization and the transformative potential of technology, which was beginning to reshape economies globally. The mention of steam power's ability to bring "almost in immediate contact the most distant points" reveals both the local and expansive implications of such technology.

Moreover, the toast encapsulates the aspirational ethos prevalent at the time. Vallejo’s hope that Leidesdorff may possess “a capital sufficiently large to float a thousand steamers on all oceans” illustrates the unlimited potential viewed in California's future. The sentiment expressed not only reflects faith in individual entrepreneurship but also an optimism that characterizes the spirit of American expansionism during this period.

This article underscores the interplay of personal accolades and broader economic aspirations framing the history of early California. As figures like Leidesdorff helped lay the groundwork for a burgeoning state, their contributions fostered a community that was keenly aware of its potential and ambitious enough to strive towards it with collective unity. The toasts depict an era brimming with hope, aligned with the spirit of Manifest Destiny, as well as the technological advancements prompting a significant shift in how people and goods would come to be connected across vast distances.

In Celebration of Innovation: Toasting William A. Leidesdorff and California’s Early Development

On November 25, 1847, a remarkable gathering took place aboard a steamboat on the serene waters of the Sonoma River. Here, a group of distinguished individuals raised their glasses in honor of William A. Leidesdorff—a man whose pioneering spirit left an indelible mark on the nascent city of San Francisco and the region of California. This cherished event, chronicled in an article titled “TOASTS” from *The Californian*, offers a captivating window into California’s formative years, highlighting the influential figures who shaped its trajectory during a pivotal moment in American history.

Leidesdorff’s contributions to the community cannot be overstated. As one of San Francisco’s first American Consuls, a member of the town council, and the proprietor of California's first steamboat, he was instrumental in establishing maritime commerce in the region. His efforts were crucial in knitting together trade with Southern California’s burgeoning agricultural sector. The toasts raised in his honor not only celebrated his many accomplishments but also encapsulated the broader socio-economic dynamics that were evolving in the wake of the Gold Rush and California's entry into the United States.

The Context of 1847 California

To truly grasp the significance of that day’s toasts, we must first understand the landscape of California in the late 1840s. Just a year later, the California Gold Rush would erupt following the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, transforming the region's demographics, economy, and social fabric. Yet, before this seismic shift, California was undergoing its own metamorphosis—from a sparsely populated territory to an emerging hub of activity and development. Census data from the period reflected a burgeoning U.S. presence, spurred by waves of migration and settlement. As noted by the famed composer John Philip Sousa, "To be a true nation you need to be able to send and receive."

In this transformative atmosphere, developments in infrastructure were of utmost importance. The territory was navigating a complex tapestry of Mexican, Spanish, and increasingly American influences that shaped its governance and economic landscape. The rise of steamboats, exemplified by Leidesdorff's ventures, marked a significant shift towards more efficient transportation—essential for the thriving trade networks and the mobility that California desperately needed.

The Man Behind the Toast: William A. Leidesdorff

Central to the day’s celebrations was William A. Leidesdorff, an immigrant from the Caribbean who arrived in California driven by ambition and determination. His multifaceted contributions to San Francisco were emblematic of an era characterized by progress and integration. As General M. Guadalupe Vallejo articulated during his toast, Leidesdorff's entrepreneurial spirit laid the foundation for San Francisco’s prosperity, uniting early settlers in a shared vision of success.

Leidesdorff wore many hats—as a merchant, civic leader, and the owner of the region’s first steamboat. His leadership during this critical juncture in history illustrated the vital connection between commerce and civic responsibility. By investing in local infrastructure, such as public buildings and spaces, he was instrumental in transforming San Francisco into a burgeoning urban center poised to attract fortune-seekers from across the nation.

The Dynamics of Town Rivalries: San Francisco and Sonoma

Amidst the toasts, a lively rivalry between San Francisco and Sonoma emerged, with both towns vying for dominance in California's evolving commercial landscape. As L.W. Boggs aptly stated, “They smile o’er the water, agriculture and commerce their handmaids.” This poignant metaphor underscores the interdependence between agricultural abundance and maritime trade—both crucial lifelines for the region.

As agricultural practices flourished, they provided sustenance for growing towns while commerce enabled the distribution of goods beyond California’s borders. San Francisco, with its strategic location and developing port, was on the cusp of becoming a vital conduit for trade. The toasts, infused with camaraderie, celebrated not only individual achievements but also hinted at the potential for collaboration and harmony, eclipsing rivalry and recognizing collective pursuits of prosperity.

The Influence of Innovation: The Legacy of Robert Fulton

Lieutenant Colonel Victor Prudon’s tribute to Robert Fulton within his toast added a rich layer of historical context to the celebration. Prudon expressed admiration for Fulton’s revolutionary advancements in steamboat technology, which helped players like Leidesdorff overcome “the resistance of weight, of wind, and of the sea.” This innovation paved the way for unprecedented connectivity and commerce, dramatically altering the transportation landscape.

Fulton's contributions resonated deeply in California’s waters, where Leidesdorff emerged as a champion of this new maritime navigation. The advent of steamboat technology not only enhanced mobility but democratized access to markets, allowing merchants and farmers to transport their goods with unprecedented expediency. For a geographically isolated California, the steamboat became a vital lifeline to the outside world, alleviating challenges that had long hindered development.

Toasts as a Reflection of Societal Values

The act of raising toasts serves as a powerful reflection of shared values and aspirations within a community. The expressions of admiration and hopes for continued success, articulated through these toasts, encapsulated the spirit of perseverance and ambition that defined the region’s early pioneers. This moment was more than just a celebration; it was a ritual that fortified social bonds, underscored collective victories, and articulated a forward-looking vision.

The accolades directed toward Leidesdorff symbolized a communal acknowledgment of innovative thinkers who dared to defy the odds. The sentiments shared that day reaffirmed a belief that personal endeavors could yield significant societal progress—an idea that remains remarkably relevant to today’s entrepreneurial landscape.

Conclusion: The Lasting Legacy of the Toasts

As we reflect on the toasts raised to William A. Leidesdorff on that momentous day along the Sonoma River, we celebrate not just an individual but the spirit of innovation that propelled California toward its destiny. In the context of a rapidly changing world, these early pioneers forged the foundations of commerce and industry while fostering a sense of community and collaboration that transcended geographical and cultural boundaries.

Looking back on these historical moments from 1847, we see how they have profoundly shaped the fabric of American society today. The values of entrepreneurship, community, and innovation continue to flow through our economic landscape and collective identity. The legacy of visionaries like Leidesdorff remains a powerful reminder of our beginnings and how ingenuity, partnership, and commerce can drive extraordinary growth and transformation across communities and generations.

As we examine the toasts made in Leidesdorff’s honor, we recognize an enduring narrative—the intertwined destinies of individuals and places committed to a shared future rooted in progress and prosperity.

Key Phrases:

1. 'William A. Leidesdorff and California’s Early Development' - Explore how Leidesdorff influenced San Francisco's growth in the context of California's early history. For further reading, see this article on 'The Role of Immigrants in San Francisco's History' from the [National Park Service](https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-role-of-immigrants-in-san-franciscos-history.htm).

2. 'California Gold Rush' - This refers to the transformative period following 1848 that significantly impacted California's demographics and economy. For further reading, see this overview from [History.com](https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/gold-rush).

3. 'Maritime Commerce and Infrastructure Development' - Investigate the importance of maritime commerce and the development of transportation in California's growth. For more details, refer to this source on 'Transportation in California's Economic Development' from the [California Transportation Commission](http://www.catc.ca.gov/).

4. 'Town Rivalries: San Francisco and Sonoma' - Analyze the dynamics of competition and collaboration between early California towns. For a deeper understanding, see this study on 'Historical Rivalries and Regional Cooperation in California’ from the [Journal of the West](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/712438).

5. 'Robert Fulton's Steamboat Innovations' - Consider the significance of steamboat technology on trade and transport in California. For further reading, check out this biography on Fulton’s contributions from [PBS](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/fulton-inventor-visionary/).

6. 'Societal Values Reflected in Toasts' - Reflect on how social gatherings and toasts symbolize community values and aspirations. For more insights, refer to this article on 'Toast Traditions in American History' from [Smithsonian Magazine](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-history-of-toast-184460134/).

7. 'Legacy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in California' - Delve into the lasting impact of early pioneers on California’s entrepreneurial landscape. For ongoing discussions, see this resource on 'The Innovation Economy in California' from the [California Economic Summit](https://californiaeconomy.org/).

Citation: The Californian

- TOASTS., 1847-12-01
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive

Original Article:

On board the steamboat ——, in the river Sonoma, Nov. 25th, 1847 By J. P. LEESE, Esq., William A. Leidesdorff, Esq.—One of the first citizens of California—The first American Consul for San Francisco, one of the first of the Town Council appointed in California, and the first steamboat proprietor and navigator in the bay of San Francisco, California. By L. W. BOGGS, Esq., The rival Towns of San Francisco and Sonoma—They smile o'er the water, agriculture and commerce their hand maids. The genius of a Fulton and the enterprise of a Leidesdorff will soon unite them in interest as they are now united in feeling. By General M. GUADALOUPE VALLEJO: Gentlemen—To the honor of W. A. Leidesdorff, Esq., whose spirit of enterprise has given him the name of the enterprising merchant. I drink to the happy arrival of this vessel, the first in California to Sonoma, because I consider it the first step towards that pinnacle of prosperity to which San Francisco is, by nature, destined to arrive. May our fellow citizen, W. A. Leidesdorff, Esq., soon have a capital sufficiently large to float a thousand steamers on all oceans, and may he ever be successful in his enterprises.—Honor to him who has been the first to show us, in California, this most surprising wonder in navigation—may the town of San Francisco long retain this indefatigable citizen and others like him, to give her impulse and aggrandizement. By Lieut. Col. VICTOR PRUDON— To the memory of the immortal Fulton—who has drawn from the opposing elements that marvellous power which moves immense masses, supplies the place of manual labor, conquers the resistance of weight, of wind, and of the sea, brings almost in immediate contact the most distant points, shortening time and space, and gives to industry and commerce, these two inexhaustible fountains of prosperity, such an impulse that those nations whose inhabitants have dedicated themselves to the application of this marvellous discovery, have become, by this single means, the most flourishing of the globe. Honor to William A. Leidesdorff, Esq., to whose enterprising and speculating mind California owes the first steamboat which has cruised in her magnificent bays. To W. A. Leidesdorff, Esq., whose most effective influence in the advancement and improvement of San Francisco, not only by the investment of his capital in buildings and enterprises which elevate and beautify that port, but also for his labors in the Town Council, of which body he is a most worthy member. May he be placed amongst the benefactors of California, and count upon each inhabitant as a friend, and with them, he who has the honor to propose this toast.