The Mormon Press: Context, Rivalry, and the Shaping of Journalism in 19th Century California

The Mormon Press

 The article discusses the rivalry between the Mormon Press and the Californian newspaper in town, highlighting accusations and disputes between the two publications. The Californian defends itself against attacks from the Mormon Press, asserting its independence and dismissing claims made by its rival. The article also touches on typographical errors and ownership of the STAR press by the New York branch of Mormons. Ultimately, the Californian asserts its integrity and independence from sects and influences.

The article titled "THE MORMON PRESS" reflects a complex interplay between journalism and ecclesiastical power dynamics during a time of significant tension in the United States related to the rise of Mormonism. Published at a time when the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (often referred to as the LDS Church or Mormon Church) was gaining visibility and influence, this article articulates both the competitive spirit of the journalistic landscape and the factional tensions surrounding religious identities.

The author expresses frustration over what they perceive as unwarranted jealousy and disparagement directed towards their publication, the "Californian," by their rival, identified as the "STAR." They point out that the STAR's ownership by "an obscure individual" lacking "literary talent or education" should not detract from their journal’s legitimacy. The author contends that the STAR's attempts to undermine the Californian's credibility are deeply motivated by their own insecurities and "foaming jealousies." This suggests a broader context of media rivalry, where sectarian affiliations and personal vendettas often intersected with public perceptions.

The author directly addresses the claims made by their rivals regarding the operations of the Californian, stating, “It is not true that this is a ‘Committee’ press, or that the Lieutenant took or offered to take any further part, than deliver into our hands the manuscript news.” This statement indicates a desire to assert independence from any perceived manipulative influences, which was crucial for a journal seeking to establish credibility and attract readers at a time when the Mormons were frequently viewed with suspicion.

Historical context is vital here—during the mid-19th century, the national narrative often depicted Mormons as outsiders. The press played a significant role in shaping public opinion about the LDS Church, often through sensationalism and bias. The reference to a "Committee" implies that the author perceives their opponents attempting to link the Californian to hidden influences that might question its integrity. In fact, the author’s assertion that “misery makes great effort to find company” encapsulates a broader critique of their rivals, accusing them of failing to acknowledge their own shortcomings and resorting to baseless accusations.

Additionally, the article highlights the author’s conviction of superiority over the STAR by proclaiming, “A file of their paper in connection with an acquaintance with the persons and facts is all that is necessary to prove it.” Here, the author underscores the importance of actual reporting and fact-checking in an era when sensationalism could easily distort the truth. They dismiss the STAR's criticisms as "ungentlemanly tirade," implying that personal attacks rather than substantive critique diminish the rival's journalistic credibility.

Furthermore, the article closes with a potent statement: “If praise of self would invariably pass for a respectable reputation, then we would judge that the COIN of the STAR would be something above par.” This metaphor of currency acts as a rhetorical device to question the authenticity of the STAR’s self-promotion, reinforcing the notion that reputation is built upon more than self-praise—it’s earned through integrity, independence, and factual reporting.

In conclusion, the "Mormon Press" article provides critical insights into the competitive dynamics of the press in the mid-19th century, particularly regarding the intersection of journalism and religion. It serves as a historical document reflecting both the local media landscape of the time and the specific challenges faced by the Mormon community as they struggled to assert their narratives in a contentious environment. The sentiments expressed in the article resonate with themes of independence, credibility, and the persistent struggles against prejudice, making it a significant piece worthy of further examination within the broader context of American religious history.

The Mormon Press: Context, Rivalry, and the Shaping of Journalism in 19th Century California

The mid-19th century brought monumental changes to California, transforming it into a melting pot of cultural and religious movements. Among these was the Latter-day Saints movement, commonly known as the Mormon faith, which played a crucial role in shaping the region's social and political fabric. In 1846, an article titled “The Mormon Press,” published in *The Californian*, offers a fascinating glimpse into the tensions among competing press entities, the public's perception of sectarian influence, and the evolving narrative surrounding Mormons in California.

California in the 1840s: A Tapestry of Transformation

Before we explore the article itself, it's essential to understand the context in which it was written. Although the California Gold Rush erupted in 1848, the territory was already in turmoil, transitioning from Mexican rule to a wave of American settlers. This influx led to a diverse array of groups and movements, including the Mormons, who journeyed westward in search of both religious freedom and economic opportunity. Within this dynamic landscape, characterized by migration and transformation, the Mormons developed a distinctive approach to governance and community, cultivating a strong sense of identity amid conflicting beliefs and factions.

In this environment, newspapers emerged as powerful instruments of influence, providing not only news but also shaping public opinion and reflecting the disputes that arose from divergent ideologies. The rivalry between *The Californian*, which claimed an independent perspective, and the *Star*, a publication affiliated with the Mormon community, marks a significant chapter in California journalism history.

The Rivalry of Press Entities: A Battle for Supremacy

The article we’re examining begins with a pointed reference to “jealousies” stemming from the *Star*, revealing an insecure and defensive press striving to assert its legitimacy in a tumultuous media landscape. Notably, the mention of an "obscure individual" at the helm of the *Star* suggests a critique of the proprietor’s perceived inexperience compared to the established *Californian*. This rivalry illustrates that the fledgling newspaper industry was not merely about disseminating information; it became a battleground for ideological supremacy.

With a biting tone, the article dismisses the *Star*’s accusation that the *Californian* was run by a “Committee” as baseless. By applying a lens of entertainment and mockery, the author subtly underscores a climate of suspicion that characterized journalistic relations in California. Here, the *Californian* is positioned as not just another publication, but as a beacon of local independence resisting the encroaching influence of organized sects.

Journalism's Societal Reflection: A Mirror to the Audience

As the article critiques the *Star*, it reveals journalism's emerging role as a reflective societal force. The assertion that "the mass of newspaper readers neither know nor care what's the drift of an editorial squabble," indicates a profound awareness that everyday readers often disengaged from the ideological conflicts that unfolded in print. This reflects not only a recognition of the press's duty but also emphasizes the community's preference for substantive information over sensational squabbles among competing newspapers.

This insight unveils how public perception shapes narratives. The fact that readers were disinterested in the conflicting agendas speaks to a community more preoccupied with reliable news than the theatrics of press rivalries. Yet, the article hints at the deep emotional undercurrents that such disputes can stir, illustrating how personal grievances and the quest for credibility can fracture communities, even those bound by shared experiences and beliefs.

Sectarianism and Cultural Dynamics: A Divided Press

Delving deeper, the article explores the implications of sectarian press, juxtaposing the independent *Californian* against the communal *Star*. The portrayal of the *Star* as a "Committee" press, combined with a local Mormon's claim that it was essentially a branch of the New York Mormons, highlights perceptions of external influence in California's journalistic landscape. The ominous suggestion that “it will soon be time to doff its ostensibles and show its real colours” encapsulates fears regarding transparency and trust, as rivalry morphs into existential questions of loyalty within a rapidly shifting sociopolitical milieu.

The assertion that "misery makes great effort to find company" poignantly captures the constraining nature of sectarianism, revealing an underlying anxiety about assimilation and the preservation of identity amid an influx of diverse beliefs.

Print Media's Role in Shaping Identity: A Cultural Artifact

The tensions uncovered in press coverage provide compelling insight into how identities are constructed through media narratives. Each newspaper serves not only as a vehicle for information but also as a cultural artifact, reflecting the aspirations and fears of its community. The *Californian*, through its editorial endeavors, sought to establish legitimacy and authority amid a cacophony of competing narratives, asserting that it, too, deserved a voice in this evolving territory.

By scrutinizing typographical errors and challenging the *Star*'s claims, the *Californian* positioned itself as the arbiter of truth, suggesting that meticulous reporting equated to credibility. This notion of credibility was not just vital for journalistic integrity; it also played a crucial role in the construction of cultural identity. The perception of a newspaper's reliability directly influenced how its associated community was viewed, making the performance of the Mormon press pivotal to shaping its identity during a tumultuous period.

Lasting Impacts on Journalism and Society: An Ongoing Legacy

The skirmishes between *The Californian* and the *Star* set a precedent for the interplay of media, culture, and identity. These early conflicts offer timeless insights into modern journalism, where media continues to be framed along ideological lines, often resulting in polarized public discourse.

As we navigate the current media landscape, the rivalry of the 1840s serves as an early example of media operating as a cultural battleground. The lessons embedded in *The Californian*’s editorial resonate today, as communities remain influenced by narrative control and the definitions imposed by competing press outlets.

Conclusion: Unearthing Historical Narratives

Examining the complexities presented in "The Mormon Press," we uncover not merely an editorial critique but a historical lens through which we can grasp the intricate relationship between media and identity formation. The tensions encapsulated in the article reflect broader societal currents in 19th-century California, grappling with sectarian allegiances, individual identity, and communal aspirations.

The saga of *The Californian* and the *Star* serves as a powerful reminder of the media's role in shaping narratives, community perceptions, and collective history. By reflecting on the events of 1846-1848, we can glean valuable insights relevant to our contemporary media environment, urging us to engage thoughtfully with the stories we consume and share today.

Key Phrases:

1. **Mormon faith's impact on 19th century California** - This relates to the sociocultural dynamics influenced by religious movements. For further reading, see the article on the history of the Mormon church from [Church History](https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/overviews/mormon-church-history?lang=eng).

2. **California Gold Rush and its effects** - This period initiated significant demographic and economic shifts in California. For more information, read about the California Gold Rush on [History.com](https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/the-california-gold-rush).

3. **The role of newspapers in shaping public opinion** - This explores how media influences societal perceptions. Learn more about this topic in the article "The Role of the Media in Society" from [Pew Research Center](https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2021/03/16/the-role-of-the-media-in-society/).

4. **Sectarian influence in journalism** - This addresses how religious sects impact media narratives. For further insights, see this analysis of religious influences in media on [The Conversation](https://theconversation.com/lessons-from-sectarian-media-campaigns-how-to-tackle-hate-speech-today-128730).

5. **Cultural identity formation through media** - This refers to how media narratives shape community identities. For deeper exploration, check out "Media, Culture, and Identity" on [SAGE Journals](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1350506812438454).

6. **Press rivalry and ideological conflicts** - This discusses competitive dynamics in journalism's history. Read more about this in "The Press as an Arena of Ideological Conflict" from [The Columbia Journalism Review](https://www.cjr.org/analysis/the-press-as-an-arena-of-ideological-conflict.php).

7. **Historical narratives and their impact** - This touches on how historical events shape current societal understanding. For further insights, refer to "Narrative History" findings from [Northwestern University](https://www.northwestern.edu/history/about/narrative-history.html).

8. **Reliability and credibility in journalism** - This emphasizes the importance of trustworthy reporting in media. For more on this topic, see "The Importance of Credible Journalism" from [The Atlantic](https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/08/the-importance-of-credible-journalism/495146/).

**Citation**: The Californian

- THE MORMON PRESS., 1847-08-28
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/ University of California Riverside Digital Newspaper Archive

Original Article:

—We would just as willingly say Catholic press, or press of any other sect; the value of any trfle [trifle] will equalize the difference. But we find it necessary to say something of the Mormon Press of this town. The astonishment at the fact of their great and only rival having fallen into the hands of an obscure individual, without any known qualifications in point of literary talent or education; has only been equaled by their foaming jealousies at the discovery of a disposition (to say the least,) with the proprietor to better the condition of the establishment in every possible way, and increase the importance of the journal in the estimation of the public. The existence of the "Californian" forms a great barrier (in their opinion) to their hopes for success. They have prated largely about some pretended and unknown "Committee" as having charge of the Californian—they have ridiculed the proprietor and editor, with the appellations "established" and "ostensible'' publisher, cat's paw &c. for which we have on two occasions humorously retaliated. In regard, however, to what we published in our paper of August 14th, concerning the obtaining Manuscrip that belonged exclusively to us by right of gift; we stated fact (or what we understood as fact) which their last week's paper did not deny, but confirmed. They have attempted to turn it off in a joke; some may take it so; but the mass of newspaper readers neither know nor care what's the drift of an editorial squabble; they will not take the trouble to keep the run of it, because it is matter of little or no interest to them. However, we desire to say something in regard to their article of last week, showing the "way it was done." If it was matter of general interest we would copy the whole article and point out its errors and willful untruths; but as it is not, we merely rebut the most important for the benefit of the very few who feel an interest in the affair. Their ungentlemanly tirade against an honorable Lieutenant in the U.S. N. and his "colleague" as they style him, does not at all affect us in a private point of view; their success, character or standing, does not regulate the success of the Californian or in any manner whatever affect it; still we have an opinion in the matter, and believe these two individuals whom they thus abuse, to be intrinsically far better than any of the known conductors of the STAR, either past or present. A file of their paper in connection with an acquaintance with the persons and facts is all that is necessary to prove it. It is not true that this is a "Committee" press, or that the Lieutenant took or offered to take any further part, than deliver into our hands the manuscript news. As regards typographical errors; in their eagerness to find one in our paper, they overlook at least a half dozen in their own. It is true that the printers chose to set Taylor's Dispatch from the printed copy of the Star, and it is also true that it gave us the trouble to correct several errors thus occasioned, and on refering to the manuscript found that a number of consecutive words had been altogether omitted in their very correct columns. Their prate about the "shaking fabric" expresses, not the fact, but their desire, and a long time will elapse ere its realization becomes manifest. "A new name now remains to complete the overthrow." If it should prove to be the only name that we can imagine them to mean, we can assure them that IT will remain a very long time, before it gets the opportunity to act in the desired situation. One of the "Saints of latterdays" tells us that the STAR press is the property of the New York branch of Mormons, and that they expect it to do the work of their bidding; if this proves to be the fact it will soon be time to doff its ostensibles and show its real colours. What consistency! for the press of a sect to attempt to couple ''committees" and influence with a press that is independent of all sects, parties, cliques and "committees" as well as influence of individuals.—Misery makes great effort to find company! Altho' we expect you to falsify as much of what is contained here-in as suits your inclination, dont represent us to be striving against the "Saints of latterdays," it only happens that the boots are worn by them, and which we would as readily attack understood by any other sect. If praise of self would invariably pass for a respectable reputation, then we would judge that the COIN of the STAR would be something above par. Certainly ignoronce must be the EVIL, and knowledge a suitable REMEDY. ——————